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Neuroscience Module 3 > Examination of Cerebrum and Meninges > Flashcards

Examination of Cerebrum and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Total surface area of the cerebral cortex

A

2.5 sq.ft.

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2
Q

Total weight of the brain in Adults

A

1400gms

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3
Q

Total number of neurons in cerebral cortex

A

10 Billion

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4
Q

Total number of synapses in cerebral cortex

A

60 trillion

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5
Q

Total weight of the brain in newborns

A

400 gms

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6
Q

Transmission and transmission speed

A

30-360 ft/sec

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7
Q

Number of neurons

A

10^11to 10^12neurons

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8
Q

Based on studies of stained cells

A

Cytoarchitectonic organization

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9
Q

Based on studies of myelinated fiber preparations

A

Myeloarchitectonic organization

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10
Q

Layer I of Cytoarchitectonic Organization
Principal Cells
Principal Fibers

A

Molecular
C: Axons & dendrites
F: Association and commisural fibers Source of corticocortical fibers

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11
Q

Layer II of Cytoarchitectonic Organization
Principal Cells
Principal Fibers

A

External granular
C: Small pyramidal cells
F: Association and commisural fibers
Source of corticocortical fibers

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12
Q

Layer III of Cytoarchitectonic Organization
Principal Cells
Principal Fibers

A

External Pyramidal
C: Medium pyramidal cells
F: Association and commisural fibers
Source of corticocortical fibers

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13
Q

Layer IV of Cytoarchitectonic Organization
Principal Cells
Principal Fibers

A

Inner Granular
C: Stellate cells
F: Thalamocortical
Where most incoming signals go to

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14
Q

Layer V of Cytoarchitectonic Organization
Principal Cells
Principal Fibers

A

Inner Pyramidal
C: Large pyramidal cells
F: Corticobulbar, corticospinal & corticostriatal
Mostly outgoing fibers

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15
Q

Layer VI of Cytoarchitectonic Organization
Principal Cells
Principal Fibers

A

Polymorph
C: Fusiform cells
F: Source of corticothalamic fibers

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16
Q

Layer I of Myeloarchitectonic Organization

Fibers

A

Tangential

F: NA

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17
Q

Layer II of Myeloarchitectonic Organization

Fibers

A

Dysfibrous

F: NA

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18
Q

Layer III of Myeloarchitectonic Organization

Fibers

A

Suprastriatal

F: Cortico-cortical

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19
Q

Layer IV of Myeloarchitectonic Organization

Fibers

A

External Baillarger
F: Thalamic projection
Lines of Gennari

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20
Q

Layer V of Myeloarchitectonic Organization

Fibers

A

Internal Baillarger

F: Corticostriate

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21
Q

Layer VI of Myeloarchitectonic Organization

Fibers

A

Infrastriatal

F: Cortico-thalamic

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22
Q

Frontal Lobe

Initiation of voluntary movements

A

Primary motor cortex (pre-central gyrus)

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23
Q

Frontal Lobe

voluntary movements

A

Pre-motor area (pre-central + superior and middle frontal gyri)

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24
Q

Frontal Lobe

motor control of speech

A

Broca’s area (inferior frontal gyrus, dominant lobe)

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25
Q

Frontal Lobe

personality, insight and foresight, emotion

A

Prefrontal cortex

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26
Q

BA 4

A

Primary motor area

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27
Q

Location of BA 4

A

Precental gyrus, paracentral lobule

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28
Q

BA 6

A

Premotor area

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29
Q

Location of BA 6

A

Superior, middle frontal gyri, precentral gyrus

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30
Q

BA 8

A

Frontal eye field

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31
Q

Location of BA 8

A

Superior and middle frontal gyri

32
Q

BA 44. 45

A

Broca’s area

33
Q

Location of BA 44, 45

A

Opercular/ triangular region, inferior frontal gyrus

34
Q

3 General functions of the parietal lobe

A
  1. Primary somatosensory cortex
  2. Language Comprehension
  3. Spatial and temporal orientation
35
Q

BA 3,1,2

A

Primary somatosensoryarea

36
Q

Location of BA 3,1,2

A

Post-central gyrus, paracentrallobule

37
Q

BA 5,7

A

Secondary Somatosensoryassociation area

38
Q

Location of BA 5,7

A

Superior parietal lobule

39
Q

BA 39

A

Anglar gyrus

40
Q

Location of BA 39

A

Inferior parietal lobule

41
Q

BA 40

A

Supramarginalgyrus

42
Q

Location of BA 40

A

Inferior parietal lobule

43
Q

BA 43

A

Primary gustatory cortex

44
Q

Location of BA 43

A

Parietal operculum

45
Q

3 General functions of Temporal Lobe

A
  1. Primary auditory cortex
  2. Limbic system
  3. Learning and memory recall orientation
46
Q

BA 41

A

Primary auditory area (A1), Heschl’s gyrus

47
Q

Location of BA 41

A

Superior temporal gyrus, paracentral lobule

48
Q

BA 42

A

Auditory association area

49
Q

Location of BA 42

A

Superior temporal gyrus

50
Q

BA 22

A

Auditory association area, Wernicki’s area

51
Q

Location of BA 22

A

Superior temporal gyrus

52
Q

General functions of occipital lobe

A
  1. Primary visual cortex

2. Visual association cortex

53
Q

BA 17

A

Primary visual area (V1)

54
Q

Location of BA 17

A

Banks of calcarinefissure

55
Q

BA 18, 19

A

Visual associationarea (V2, V3)

56
Q

Location of BA 18,19

A

Surrounding area

57
Q

What do you check for Mental Status?

A 
General behavior and appearance
Stream of talk
Mood and affective responses
Content of thought
Intellectual Capacity
Sensorium
58
Q

Maximum Score in Glasgow Coma Scale

59
Q

Minimum Score in Glasgow Coma Scale

60
Q

Common Causes of Depressed Sensorium

A 
Hypoglycemia
Alcohol intoxication
Hyponatremia
Systemic Infection
Large Strokes
Brainstem Strokes
61
Q

Inability to understand the meaning of ordinary sensory stimuli even though the sensory pathways and sensorium are relatively intact

62
Q

Inability to perform a willed act even though the motor system and mental status is relatively intact

63
Q

Agnosia and apraxia of language

64
Q

Patient loses the normal rhythms and inflections of speech with poverty of associations
Patient has difficulty writing
Patient retains the ability to read

A

Broca’s(motor) Aphasia

65
Q

Patient produces plentiful or even an excessive number of words, but words are often wrong or assembled of the wrong sounds

A

Wernicke’s (sensory) Aphasia

66
Q

Patients lose the ability to audit their own words and the words of others

A

Wernicke’s (sensory) Aphasia

67
Q

Patient has severe expressive and receptive dysphasia virtually eliminating all receptive and expressive communication by words

A

Global Aphasia

68
Q

Brain and the spinal cord are surrounded by three distinct connective tissue membranes or (meninges)

A
  1. thick dura materexternally
  2. delicate arachnoid
  3. thin pia mater
69
Q

Rich in blood vessels and nervesand adherent to the cranium

A

Outer periosteal layer of the dura mater

70
Q

Closely attached to underlying arachnoid

A

Inner meningeal layer of the dura mater

71
Q

Sickle shaped double layer of the dura matter,

lying in between the cerebral hemisphere

A

Falx cerebri

72
Q

Small sickle shaped projection between the

cerebellar hemispheres

A

Falx cerebelli

73
Q

Crescentic fold that supports the
occipital lobes and covers the cerebellum, divides the cranial cavity in supratentorial and infratentorial
compartments

A

Tentorium cerebelli

74
Q

Circular fold wc covers the sella turcica

separating the pituitary gland fr the hypothalamus

A

Diaphragma sellae

75
Q

Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed

A

Kernig’s Sign

76
Q

Severe neck stiffness causes a patient’s hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed

A

Brudzinki’s Sign

Neuroscience Module 3 (5 decks)

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