Meninges Flashcards
What is Kernig’s sign
Hip flexing and knee extension leads to severe back pain
What is Nuchal Rigidity?
Neck stiffness
What is meningitis, 3 main types?
Inflammation of the meninges, bacterial, viral or fungal
Where is lumbar puncture preformed
L4/5
What are the 3 meningeal layers
Dura, arachnoid, pia
2 layers of dura
Periostal (outer) and meningeal (inner)
Where is the subarachnoid space
Inbetween the arachnoid and pia mater
4 dura mater partitioning
Tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, diaphragm sella
What part of spinal cord/ nerve is covered by dura
All of cord, initial part of each nerve by meningeal layer
Innervation of dura mater?
Mainly V1(V2/3 - small lateral parts)
3 unpaired sinuses?
Superior sagittal, straight, inf. sagittal
3 paired sinuses?
Transverse, sigmoid, cavernous
Where do the sup. straight and transverse meet?
Confluence of sinuses
What is CSF
Ultra filtrate of plasma, low protein, no blood cells
Purpose of CSF, produced by?
Shock absorber, neuroendicrine proteins, perfusion of brain - by choroid plexus
Path of CSF?
Lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, aqueduct, 4th ventricle, lat. and med. Apertures, mid sagittal subaracnoid space, sup. sagittal venous sinus and IJV
What are granulations
Aid CSF circulation by reabsorbing/ distrubuting -pierce dura mater
What are cisterns? Main ones?
Dilatations of subarachnoid space - cerebellamedullary (magna) and lumbar cistern (where spinal tap occurs)
Epidural heamatoma?
Arterial, intracranial, in extradural space, usually by blunt trauma
Subdural heamatoma
Venous, intracranial, slow onset, in subarachnoid and meningeal dura, decelerating injury
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Subarachnoid space, aneurysms, thunderclap headache - fatal
Inteacerebral haemorrhage?
Small vessels in brain - localised stroke
