Meninges

Question 0

What is Kernig’s sign

Answer 0

Hip flexing and knee extension leads to severe back pain

Question 1

What is Nuchal Rigidity?

Answer 1

Neck stiffness

Question 2

What is meningitis, 3 main types?

Answer 2

Inflammation of the meninges, bacterial, viral or fungal

Question 3

Where is lumbar puncture preformed

Answer 3

L4/5

Question 4

What are the 3 meningeal layers

Answer 4

Dura, arachnoid, pia

Question 5

2 layers of dura

Answer 5

Periostal (outer) and meningeal (inner)

Question 6

Where is the subarachnoid space

Answer 6

Inbetween the arachnoid and pia mater

Question 7

4 dura mater partitioning

Answer 7

Tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, diaphragm sella

Question 8

What part of spinal cord/ nerve is covered by dura

Answer 8

All of cord, initial part of each nerve by meningeal layer

Question 9

Innervation of dura mater?

Answer 9

Mainly V1(V2/3 - small lateral parts)

Question 10

3 unpaired sinuses?

Answer 10

Superior sagittal, straight, inf. sagittal

Question 11

3 paired sinuses?

Answer 11

Transverse, sigmoid, cavernous

Question 12

Where do the sup. straight and transverse meet?

Answer 12

Confluence of sinuses

Question 13

What is CSF

Answer 13

Ultra filtrate of plasma, low protein, no blood cells

Question 14

Purpose of CSF, produced by?

Answer 14

Shock absorber, neuroendicrine proteins, perfusion of brain - by choroid plexus

Question 15

Path of CSF?

Answer 15

Lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, aqueduct, 4th ventricle, lat. and med. Apertures, mid sagittal subaracnoid space, sup. sagittal venous sinus and IJV

Question 16

What are granulations

Answer 16

Aid CSF circulation by reabsorbing/ distrubuting -pierce dura mater

Question 17

What are cisterns? Main ones?

Answer 17

Dilatations of subarachnoid space - cerebellamedullary (magna) and lumbar cistern (where spinal tap occurs)

Question 18

Epidural heamatoma?

Answer 18

Arterial, intracranial, in extradural space, usually by blunt trauma

Question 19

Subdural heamatoma

Answer 19

Venous, intracranial, slow onset, in subarachnoid and meningeal dura, decelerating injury

Question 20

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 20

Subarachnoid space, aneurysms, thunderclap headache - fatal

Question 21

Inteacerebral haemorrhage?

Answer 21

Small vessels in brain - localised stroke