MENDELIAN GENETICS AND SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE Flashcards
“branch of biology that deals with heredity and genetic variation”
GENETICS
The passing of traits or
characters from
parent to offspring
HEREDITY
Differences of traits
GENETIC
VARIATION
the study of how traits
are passed from
parent to offspring
Genetics
Genetic is a field
of study that deals
with ____
heredity.
are DNA molecules that
determine the traits of
the organisms.
ex. hair / height
GENES
These are the genes that are
found in the same look of
homologous chromosomes.
Or these are the different
forms of a gene.
ALLELES
The totality of all the
genotypes for all the
traits of an organism.
GENOME
Gene that prevents the other gene from “showing”
dominant
Gene that does NOT “show” even though it is present
recessive
Both genes of a pair are the same
homozygous or
purebreed
One dominant and one recessive gene
heterozygous or
hybrid
Combination of genes an organism has
genotype
Physical appearance resulting from gene makeup
phenotype
Used to predict the possible gene makeup of offspring
Punnett Square
states that genes are in a linear fashion on chromosomes and that the relative positions of genes can be determined by their frequency in the offspring through mating.
chromosomal theory of inheritance
this area deals with the chromosomal theory of inheritance
Classical Genetics
is the study of genetic material; its structure, replication, and
expression.
Molecular Genetics
the mechanisms of evolutionary
change, the changes in frequencies in populations.
Evolutionary Genetics
- The Father of Modern Genetics
Gregor Johann Mendel
discovered the basic principles of heredity
through experiments in his monastery’s garden.
This law states that all the genes for all the traits of an organism are
equally divided and are equally distributed in all the resulting
gametes after meiosis.
Law of Segregation
This law states that alleles of different genes are distributed randomly to the gametes and fertilization occurs at random.
Law of Independent Assortment
Only dominant trait is expressed
Law of Complete Dominance
mix of heterozygous genes
ex. red flower + white flower = pink flower
Law of Incomplete dominance
both dominant and recessive trait is expressed
Law of Co-dominance
sex chromosomes of female
XX
sex chromosomes of male
XY
a gene responsible for a specific trait is
located on a sex chromosome, resulting in sexually dependent
inheritance of the trait.
Sex Linkage
_ linked alleles always show
up in males whether
dominant or recessive
because males have only
one X chromosome
X
Genes for these traits are
located only on the _
chromosome
X
