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BIOL1911 > Mendelian Genetics > Flashcards

Mendelian Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is genotype?

A

Genetic information

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2
Q

What is phenotype?

A

Physical form of an organism

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3
Q

What determines phenotype?

A

Combination of genotype and environment

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4
Q

What does one gene code for

A

One gene codes for one polypeptide = one enzyme = one character

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5
Q

What is an allele?

A

An alternative form of a gene

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6
Q

What is a locus?

A

The position of a gene in the DNA of a chromosome

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7
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A
  • Contain the same loci

- Have different alleles at the loci

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8
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A
  • Asexual

- All cells are haploid

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9
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A
  • Sexual
  • Diploid body cells
  • Haploid sex cells which join to make diploid zygotes
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10
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A
  • Normal cell replacement and growth
  • Diploid number of chromosomes maintained
  • Parent and daughter cells identical
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11
Q

What happens during meiosis?

A
  • Occurs only in sex cells
  • Chromosome number halves
  • Maternal and paternal chromosomes exchange information
  • Daughter cells differ from parent cells and each other
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12
Q

What are the basic steps of meiosis?

A
  • Chromosome replication
  • Pairing of homologous chromosomes
  • Crossing over
  • Cell division
  • No doubling
  • Cell division
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13
Q

What are the basic steps of mitosis?

A
  • Chromosome replication
  • Chromosomes align with sister chromatids on each side
  • Cell division
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14
Q

What are the benefits of diploidy?

A
  • Purges mutation

- Two chromosomes with slightly different function e.g. one works best at 25C and one at 35C

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15
Q

What are the benefits of sex?

A
  • Genetic variability for evolution
  • Reduces competition with parents
  • Protection from spread of disease
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16
Q

What happens during crossing over in meiosis?

A
  • For each recombination event there is a parental and recombinant chromosome
  • Genes are exchanged between paternal and maternal chromosomes
17
Q

What are the consequences of meiosis?

A
  • New combinations of parental genes due to crossing over and random assortment to daughter cells
  • Haploid cells fuse with others to produce diploid zygotes
  • Offspring have one random half of each parent’s genetic information
18
Q

What can Mendelian Inheritance be used for?

A
  • Paternity testing
  • Disease risk assessment
  • Breeding characteristics in animals
  • Agriculture: disease resistance in crops
19
Q

What is a monohybrid cross

A
  • Cross two pure breeding lines
  • Cross F1
  • F2 have 3:1 dominant to recessive

BIOL1911 (20 decks)

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