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anth 225 > Mendelian Genetics > Flashcards

Mendelian Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Monohybrid Cross

A

The parent individuals varied from each other in only one traits

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2
Q

Dominant

A

Traits that prevailed

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3
Q

Recessive

A

Traits that disappeared

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4
Q

Name of Mendel’s First Law of Inheritance

A

The Law of Segragation

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5
Q

The Law of Segregation

A

Various expressions of a trait were controlled by discrete units

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6
Q

What process explains the Law of Segregation

A

Meiosis

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7
Q

___ and ____ maintain variation that Natural Selection can act upon

A

Masked variation and law of Segregation

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8
Q

What does it mean for a trait to be masked?

A

It could not be expressed

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9
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable physical feature of an organism

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10
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an individual

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11
Q

Homozygous

A

Individuals with 2 copies of the same allele

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12
Q

Heterozygous

A

Individuals with 2 different alleles for a gene

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13
Q

The recessive allele in a heterozygous individual will be:

A

masked

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14
Q

Punnett Square Diagram

A

Used to represent the different ways that alleles can be combined during any specific cross

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15
Q

Punnett squares can be used to predict the:

A

proportion of genotypes

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16
Q

Dihybrid Cross

A

A cross between individuals who differ with respect to 2 gene pairs

ex: cross between hair color and eye color

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17
Q

In a Dihybrid cross:

Each characteristic (trait) must segregate ____

A

independently

18
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

The expressions and segregation of one trait is not influenced by the expression of the other trait

19
Q

Recombination

A

The alleles that code for diffferent traits assort ***

20
Q

Linkage

A

When alleles are on the same chromosome and so are inherited together

21
Q

Mendelian Traits

A

Traits influenced by a single genetic locus and follow a simple pattern of inheritance

22
Q

Co-dominance

A

When different alleles occur in heterozygous condition and the product of BOTH alleles are expressed

Ex: Red and yellow spots on a flower

23
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

When a heterozygote has. aphenotype which is intermediate to those of homozygous parents

Ex: Red and white dlower make a pink flower

24
Q

Pedigrees

(mating charts)

A

An indirect approach used to demonstrate patterns of inheritance

25
Q

Pedigrees help determine if a trait is ____

A

Mendelian

26
Q

Autosomal dominant traits

A

Traits equally present in males and females that are located on non-sex chromosomes

27
Q

Autosomal recessive traits

A

Traits that skip a generation that create carriers

also located on non-sex chromosomes and equally present in both males an

28
Q

X-linked dominant traits

A

Dominant traits that are located on female sex chromosome

Females affected twice as often as males

29
Q

X-linked recessive traits

A

Recessive traits that are located on the female sex chromosome

males affected more than females

30
Q

Y-linked Traits

A

Located on male sex chromosome

Located ONLY in males

31
Q

Sex-linked traits are found on:

A

sex chromosomes

almost all are found on the X chromosome

32
Q

Patriline

A

Tracing male parenage via the Y-chromosome

33
Q

Pleiotropic Effect

A

A single gene having multiple effects

34
Q

Polygenic Traits

A

Multiple genes producing one single effect

35
Q

Quantitative Inheritance

A

Distribution fllows a normal, bell-shaped curve, and most people have phenotypes between the extremese

36
Q

Regression to the mean

A

Most offspring individuals at the extremes of a polygenic distribution are less extreme than their parents

37
Q

Heritability

A

A measure of the proportion of the total observed variation that can be attrivuted to genetics rather than environment

38
Q

The 3 Types of Selection of Continuous Characters

A
  1. Stabilizing
  2. Directional
  3. Disruptive
39
Q

Stabilizing Characteristics

A

Selects against the extremes

40
Q

Directional Characteristics

A

Selects against ONE extreme

41
Q

Disruptive Characteristics

A

Selects against the mean (for both extremes)

anth 225 (8 decks)

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