mendelian genetics Flashcards
key points in mendelian genetics
how long did Mendel conduct his experiments?
For 7 years (1856-1863) he studied contrasting characters in pea plant and came up with general rules of inheritance
what are the seven pairs of characters studied by Mendel in the pea plant
1 Seed shape (round | wrinkled),
2 Seed color (yellow | green),
3 Pod shape (Full | constricted)
4 Pod color (green | yellow)
5 Flower color (violet | white)
6 Flower position (axial | terminal)
7 Stem height (tall | dwarf)
what is a gene according to Mendel?
a factor that is stably passed down, unchanged from the parent to the offspring through the gametes, over successive generations (unit of inheritance)
what are alleles?
Genes that code for a pair of contrasting characters are called alleles
the region where the alleles are present
locus
father of genetics
Gregor Johann Mendel
the word genetics was given by
William Bateson
phenotypic property of an individual
Character
the heterozygous organism produced after crossing two genetically different organisms
hybrid
the process by which characters or traits are passed from one generation to the other
inheritance
scientific name of pea plant
Pisum sativum
advantages of selecting pea plant
1 easily available, easy to cultivate and maintain
2 exhibit contrasting phenotypic characters
3 have a short lifespan and can be grown annually
4 bisexual flowers that are naturally self-pollinating
5 produce a large number of seeds
characters are controlled by alleles, that occur in pairs in which one of them is dominant and the other is recessive
LAW OF DOMINANCE
a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation. As the individual heredity factors assort independently, different traits get equal opportunity to occur together.
LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
LAW OF SEGREGATION
The Law of Segregation states that every individual organism contains two alleles for each trait, and that these alleles segregate (separate) during meiosis such that each gamete contains only one of the alleles.
