Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
the scientific study of heredity
genetics
regarded as the father of modern genetics, began in the 1860s with the work of an Austrian monk and scientist using garden pea plants to study how traits were passed from one generation to another
Gregor Mendel
the transmission of traits and characteristics from parents to their offspring
heredity
a fundamental unit of heredity; a specific segment of DNA
gene
the entirety of an organism’s genes
genome
an organism that receives different genetic information for a trait from each parent
hybrid
different versions of a gene for the same trait
alleles
the fixed location of the gene or one of its alleles is located
locus
the allele of a gene that masks or suppresses the expression of an alternate allele; a trait that shows in a hybrid
dominant trait
the allele that is masked by a dominant allele; a trait that does not show in a hybrid, only in homozygous
recessive trait
the actual genetic makeup of an organism
genotype
the form of the trait that is observed
phenotype
two alleles for a trait are identical (e.g. TT and tt)
homozygous
two alleles for a particular trait that are not identical (e.g. Tt)
heterozygous
a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest, used to determine if a trait is dominant or recessive
monohybrid cross
a square diagram that is used to predict the genotype of a particular cross or breeding experiment
punnett square
a cross between two individuals with two observed traits controlled by two distinct genes
dihybrid cross
dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles
law of dominance
when gametes form, alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
law of segregation
the segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently of that of any other gene
law of independent assortment
created lamarckism which states that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired during its lifetime to its offspring; also known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
father of biogeography; evolution took place by showing how geography influenced the current distribution of the species. he recorded exact localities where the species can be found. he believed that physical barriers could be a factor for evolution.
Alfred Russel Wallace
