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Bio 2 > Mendelian Genetics > Flashcards

Mendelian Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the scientific study of heredity

A

genetics

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2
Q

regarded as the father of modern genetics, began in the 1860s with the work of an Austrian monk and scientist using garden pea plants to study how traits were passed from one generation to another

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

the transmission of traits and characteristics from parents to their offspring

A

heredity

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4
Q

a fundamental unit of heredity; a specific segment of DNA

A

gene

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5
Q

the entirety of an organism’s genes

A

genome

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6
Q

an organism that receives different genetic information for a trait from each parent

A

hybrid

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7
Q

different versions of a gene for the same trait

A

alleles

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8
Q

the fixed location of the gene or one of its alleles is located

A

locus

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9
Q

the allele of a gene that masks or suppresses the expression of an alternate allele; a trait that shows in a hybrid

A

dominant trait

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10
Q

the allele that is masked by a dominant allele; a trait that does not show in a hybrid, only in homozygous

A

recessive trait

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11
Q

the actual genetic makeup of an organism

A

genotype

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12
Q

the form of the trait that is observed

A

phenotype

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13
Q

two alleles for a trait are identical (e.g. TT and tt)

A

homozygous

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14
Q

two alleles for a particular trait that are not identical (e.g. Tt)

A

heterozygous

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15
Q

a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest, used to determine if a trait is dominant or recessive

A

monohybrid cross

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16
Q

a square diagram that is used to predict the genotype of a particular cross or breeding experiment

A

punnett square

17
Q

a cross between two individuals with two observed traits controlled by two distinct genes

A

dihybrid cross

18
Q

dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles

A

law of dominance

19
Q

when gametes form, alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

A

law of segregation

20
Q

the segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently of that of any other gene

A

law of independent assortment

21
Q

created lamarckism which states that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired during its lifetime to its offspring; also known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

22
Q

father of biogeography; evolution took place by showing how geography influenced the current distribution of the species. he recorded exact localities where the species can be found. he believed that physical barriers could be a factor for evolution.

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

Bio 2 (3 decks)

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