Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

Made up of DNA and are the basic units of heredity that produce specific traits in offspring

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

Variant forms of the same genes

Question 3

Dominant Allele

Answer 3

If the two alleles in a pair are both dominant, the dominant trait is expressed.

Question 4

Recessive Allele

Answer 4

If the two alleles in a pair are both recessive, the recessive trait is expressed.

Question 5

Principle of Dominance

Answer 5

Dominant alleles masks the effects of its recessive partner

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

Identical alleles for a trait

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

Different alleles for a trait

Question 8

Law of Segregation

Answer 8

Alleles occur in pairs and those paired alleles segregate during meiosis and each sperm or egg cell receives only one member of the pair of alleles

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Genetic makeup for a specific trait

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Physical traits of an organism

Question 11

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 11

A single trait cross

Question 12

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 12

A two trait cross

Question 13

If two heterozygous individuals are the parents, then what is the phenotypic ratio of the phylogeny (offspring)?

Answer 13

9:3:3:1

Question 14

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 14

Alleles for different traits separate independently of one another during gamete formation

Question 15

Probability in genetics is…

Answer 15

The number of possible chances of an event occurring divided by the number of possible combinations. It is helpful in explaining the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes in offspring.

Question 16

Rule of Independent Events

Answer 16

Each event is considered individually so past occurrences have no impact on its outcome

Question 17

Product Rule

Answer 17

Probability of independent events occurring simultaneously is equal to the product of these events occurring separately

Question 18

Pedigree

Answer 18

A pedigree is like a detailed family tree that is used to determine the probability of a particular allele appearing in an offspring.

Question 19

Test cross (monohybrid)

Answer 19

Determines if the genotype of an individual is pure bred dominant or hybrid. Crossing of the unknown genotype showing a dominant trait with a homozygous recessive genotype.

Question 20

Test cross (dihybrid)

Answer 20

Determines if the genotype of an individual is pure bred dominant or hybrid. Crossing the unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive genotype.

Question 21

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 21

Heterozygous form results in a phenotype which is intermediate between the two pure forms, partially expressing both alleles

Question 22

Codominance

Answer 22

The heterozygous form shows complete expression of both alleles involved. An exmaple is blood type

Question 23

Genome

Answer 23

A set of all of the genes a species has on its chromosomes