Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

heredity

Answer 1

study of passing on traits from parent to offspring (filial)

Question 2

genetics

Answer 2

study of genes (DNA)

Question 3

traits

Answer 3

something you inherit (gene)

Question 4

gametes

Answer 4

sex cells

Question 5

pollination

Answer 5

fertilization with plants

Question 6

fertilization

Answer 6

gametes meet (sperm & egg) to create zygote

Question 7

P1

Answer 7

P(parent) generation

Question 8

F1

Answer 8

first filial (parents kids)

Question 9

F2

Answer 9

second filial (parents grandkids)

Question 10

monohybrid cross

Answer 10

cross of 2 different homozygotes strains that differ in a single trait

Question 11

dihybrid cross

Answer 11

cross of two different homozygotes strains that differ in two traits

Question 12

prue breed

Answer 12

always produce expected offspring (homozygote)

Question 13

hybrid

Answer 13

offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait

Question 14

alleles

Answer 14

different forms of a gene

Question 15

dominant

Answer 15

observed trait

Question 16

recessive

Answer 16

trait that disappears

Question 17

phenotype

Answer 17

the way an organism looks and behaves

Question 18

genotype

Answer 18

letter combination

Question 19

homozygous

Answer 19

same letters (one of each)

Question 20

heterozygous

Answer 20

different letters (one big one little)

Question 21

law of segregation

Answer 21

during fertilization gametes randomly pair producing four combos of alleles

Question 22

punnett squares

Answer 22

tool used to identify probability

Question 23

Mendel

Answer 23

discovered heredity (through pea plants)

Question 24

law of independent assortment

Answer 24

genes for different traits are assorted independently (all stand alone)

Question 25

incomplete dominance

Answer 25

blend of alleles (hetero) makes new phenotype (red + white = pink)

Question 26

co dominant alleles

Answer 26

heterozygous, both alleles show in phenotype (red & white stripes)

Question 27

multiple alleles

Answer 27

trait controlled by more than 2 alleles (ex: blood types)

Question 28

autosomes

Answer 28

the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Question 29

sex chromosomes

Answer 29

23rd chromosome (not homo) (XX=female, XY=male)

Question 30

sex linked traits

Answer 30

traits controlled by genes on X chromosomes (superscript identifies)

Question 31

polygenic inheritance

Answer 31

trait controlled by two or more genes (many gene codes for 1 trait)

Question 32

human traits

Answer 32

• codominance
• multiple alleles
• sex linked traits
• polygenic inheritance

Question 33

changes in chromosome numbers

Answer 33

1. trisomy 3 of particular autsome
2. karyotype chart of chromosomes pair
3. downsydrom trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 34

karyotype

Answer 34

map of the chromosomes

Question 35

down syndrome

Answer 35

3, 21st chromosomes

Question 36

kleinfelters

Answer 36

1 extra (xxy)

Question 37

turners

Answer 37

1 missing (x)

Question 38

simple recessive disorders

Answer 38

• cystic fibrosis
• tay sachs
• PKU

Question 39

cystic fibrosis

Answer 39

formation of thick mucus in lungs and digestive tract

Question 40

tay sachs

Answer 40

absence of enzyme that breaks down a lipid produced in CNS

Question 41

PKU

Answer 41

absence of enzyme that breaks down amino acid (phenylalanine)

Question 42

simple dominant disorders

Answer 42

• things such as attached/ detached earlobes
• huntingtons

Question 43

huntingtons

Answer 43

disease that results in breakdown of certain material in the brain (lethal)

Question 44

pedigrees

Answer 44

family tree that maps out traits