Cell Cycle & Reproduction

Question 1

Why does cell division occur?

Answer 1

1. growth & development
2. healing/repair
3. reproduction

Question 2

What do daughter cells receive from parent cells?

Answer 2

DNA & organelles

Question 3

types of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

binary fission, cutting, budding, and spores

Question 4

binary fission

Answer 4

splitting cell into 2 equal halves once DNA is copied (occurs in bacteria cells)

Question 5

sexual reproduction (fertilization)

Answer 5

the coming together of 2 parent cells (egg and sperm) to form a human

Question 6

interphase

Answer 6

1. growth
2. synthesis (coping DNA)
3. organelles copy

Question 7

chromatin

Answer 7

jumbled mess of DNA

Question 8

chromosome

Answer 8

condensed DNA (not jumbled anymore)

Question 9

sister chromatids

Answer 9

chromosome strand and its’ copied strand

Question 10

centromere

Answer 10

point where sister chromatids meet and are held together

Question 11

mitosis

Answer 11

divide nucleus (DNA)

Question 12

mitosis phases

Answer 12

1. prophase
2. metophase
3. anaphase
4. telophase

Question 13

prophase

Answer 13

longest phase,
chromatin–>chromosomes
nucleus divides
centrial form
spindle (helps w/separation)

Question 14

metophase

Answer 14

middle (chromosomes attach to spindle fiber by centromere)

Question 15

anaphase

Answer 15

away (sister chromatids pulled apart at centromere & move away)

Question 16

telophase

Answer 16

two (separated chromatids split to opposite sides & nucleus starts to form)

Question 17

cytokinesis

Answer 17

cutting cytoplasm
1. Plant (inside out)
2. Animal (outside out)

Question 18

gene

Answer 18

segment of DNA that controls production of proteins or enzymes

Question 19

enzymes

Answer 19

control the cell cycle

Question 20

cancer

Answer 20

result of uncontrolled cell division (gene makes wrong protein)

Question 21

eukaryote

Answer 21

has nucleus

Question 22

prokaryote

Answer 22

no nucleus

Question 23

diploid

Answer 23

cell with 2 of each kind of chromosome, one from each parent (somatic)

Question 24

haploid

Answer 24

cell with one of each kind of chromosome (gamete)

Question 25

homologous chromosomes

Answer 25

alike in size and shape but not identical

Question 26

meiosis

Answer 26

cell division resulting in 4 gamete cells with half the chromosomes of parent cells

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

cell resulting from fertilization

Question 28

spermatogenesis

Answer 28

4 sperm cells (meiosis)

Question 29

genetic recombination

Answer 29

reassortment of chromosomes & the genetic information they carry (crossing over)

Question 30

nondisjunction

Answer 30

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly

Question 31

trisomy

Answer 31

extra chromosomes resulting in 3 homologs instead of 2

Question 32

monosomy

Answer 32

1 chromosome short in the gamete