Mendel & The Gene Index

Question 1

P Generation

Answer 1

1st gen (true-breeding parents)

Question 2

F1 Generation

Answer 2

Offspring of P

Question 3

F2 Generation

Answer 3

Offspring of F1

Question 4

__ alleles for every trait from each parent

Answer 4

Two

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

Alternate versions of a gene (a letter)

Question 6

Law of Segregation

Answer 6

Only one of two alleles can be given to offspring

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

2 same alleles (PP or pp)

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

2 different alleles (Pp)

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Physical traits based on genotype

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Genetic make-up from 2 alleles

Question 11

Punnett square

Answer 11

Device for predicting offspring from a cross

Question 12

Monohybrid cross

Answer 12

2x2

Question 13

Dihybrid cross

Answer 13

4x4

Question 14

Trihybrid cross

Answer 14

8x8

Question 15

Testcross

Answer 15

Used to determine if the dominant trait is unknown (homozygous or heterozygous) by crossing with recessive alleles (pp)

Question 16

Law of independent assortment

Answer 16

Each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation
Eg. color is separate from shape

Question 17

Complete dominance

Answer 17

Heterozygote & homozygote for dominant allele are indistinguishable (YY or Yy = yellow)

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

Combined appearance of parents (red x white = pink)

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

Phenotype of both alleles is expressed (red x white = reed + white)

Question 20

Multiple alleles

Answer 20

gene has 2+ alleles (ex: blood type)

Question 21

Type A

Answer 21

IᴬIᴬ or Iᴬi

Question 22

Type B

Answer 22

IᴮIᴮ or Iᴮi

Question 23

Type AB

Answer 23

IᴬIᴮ

Question 24

Type O

Answer 24

ii

Question 25

Universal donor

Answer 25

O-

Question 26

Universal acceptor

Answer 26

AB+

Question 27

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 27

effect of 2+ genes acting upon one phenotypic character

Question 28

Pedigree

Answer 28

Diagram that shows relationship btw. parents/offspring across 2+ generations

Question 29

Pleiotropy

Answer 29

One gene affects multiple phenotypic characters

Question 30

Epistasis

Answer 30

Phenotypic expression of one gene affects expression of another gene