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AP Biology > Meiosis + Sexual Life Cycles > Flashcards

Meiosis + Sexual Life Cycles Flashcards

1
Q

Gamete

A

sex cell, 23

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2
Q

Somatic cell

A

Body cell

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3
Q

How many chromosomes

A

46

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4
Q

Autosomes

A

22 pairs of chromosomes (don’t include sex)

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5
Q

Meiosis I overall function

A

Diploid to haploid

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6
Q

Interphase (M I)

A

chromosomes replicated

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7
Q

Prophase I

A
  • Synapsis (homologous chromosomes pair up)
  • Crossing over @ chiasmata
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8
Q

Tetrad

A

4 sister chromatids

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9
Q

Metaphase I

A

Tetrads line up

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10
Q

Anaphase I

A
  • Pairs of homologus chromosomes separate
    -Sister chromatids still attached by centromere
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11
Q

Telophase I & Cytokinesis

A
  • 2 daughter cells produced (genetically different)
  • Haploid set of chromosomes in each cell
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12
Q

Meiosis II overall function

A

create gametes

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13
Q

Prophase II

A
  • no crossing over
  • no interphase
  • spindle forms
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14
Q

Metaphase II

A

Chromosomes line up

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15
Q

Telophase II & Cytokinesis

A
  • 4 haploid cells (genetically different)
  • Nuclei reappear
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16
Q

Sources of genetic variation

A
  • Crossing over
  • Independent assortment of chromosomes
  • Random fertilization
17
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Sperm production

18
Q

Oogenesis

A

Ova production, creates 1 ovum + 3 polar bodies

19
Q

Chromosomal mutations

A

Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

20
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate, results in abnormal distribution of chromosomes

21
Q

Types of nondisjunction

A

Aneuploidy = incorrect # of chromosomes
Polyploidy = 2+ complete sets of chromosomes (3n or 4n)

22
Q

HeLa Cells

A
  • Cervical cancer cells from Henrietta Lacks
  • “Immortal cells” (don’t die after a few divisions)
23
Q

Anaphase II

A

Sister chromatids separate

AP Biology (4 decks)

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