Mendel --> Test Crosses Flashcards
What is Genetics?
The study of inheritance and the passing down of genetic information and traits from one generation to the next.
What are protiens responisble for?
The visible traits of an organism (enzyme, eye pigment, bone structure, etc.)
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that is associated with a particular inherited trait
What is a trait?
An inherited characteristic (such as eye colour)
What is an allele?
A form of a gene
Example: One of your alleles for eye colour might be blue
What is a Phenotype?
Physical appearance of a trait in an individual (what you actually see)
What is a Genotype?
Description of the two alleles an individual
carries for a specific trait
What does Dominant mean in genetic terms?
An allele that overpowers another allele
(represented with a CAPITAL letter - Ex. P)
What does Recessive mean in genetic terms?
An allele that can be masked when a dominant
gene is present (Represented with a lowercase letter Ex. p)
What does Homozygous mean in genetic terms?
A genotype where both alleles are identical
(pure strain - either dominant PP, or both recessive pp)
What does Heterozygous mean in genetic terms?
A genotype where the two alleles are different
(hybrid strain - one dominant, one recessive Pp)
What was Mendel’s first law?
Law of Segregation:
- An individual has two alleles
(coding for a gene – blue vs. brown
eyes) for each trait that separate
during Meiosis. - Each gamete has an equal
probability (chance) of being
given a particular allele.
What was Mendel’s second law?
Law of Independent Assortment:
- Genes located on different chromosomes assort
independently of one another. - This is accomplished through Meiosis
Ex. Detached Earlobes & Tongue Rolling
What was Mendel’s third law?
Principle of Dominance:
Certain traits are dominant which mask (or hide)
the other trait (recessive).
