Mendel's Principles Flashcards

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1
Q

Mendels law?

A

Law of segregation (monohybrid cross)
- each individual posses 2 allele of a particular characteristic. At time of gamete formation allele seperate and gamete= pure allele.
-tall and dwarf plant

Law of independent assortment (dihybrid cross-2 independent traits were considered)
- assortment of one gene occurs independently of other gene (gene at different locus) at time of gamete formation. Therefore results in different combinations
-round/wrinkleed seed and green/yellow seed
- yellow and round dominant

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2
Q

Ratio of law of segregation

A

Geno- 1:2:1
Pheno- 3:1
Total combination -4

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3
Q

Ratio of independent assortment

A

Geno-1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
Pheno- 9:3:3:1
Total combination - 16

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4
Q

Test cross

A

F1 individual × recessive homozygous
- can be used to where two genes are linked

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5
Q

Back cross

A

F1 × parental genotype

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6
Q

Incomplete/partial dominance

A

Neither allele is completely dominant over the other
intermediate phenotype of parents are observed
FOUR O’CLOCK PLANT
red×white=pink

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7
Q

Ratio of incomplete dominance

A

Geno- 1:2:1
Pheno- 1:2:1

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8
Q

Codominant

A

No dominant or recessive allele
Both expressed equally in offspring
MN BLOOD GROUP

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9
Q

Multiple allele

A

More than 2 different allele form of a gene
ABO BLOOF GROUP
IF AB+ BOTH A AND B ANTIGEN

NO OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPE POSSIBLE
= n(n+1)/2
= n no of allele

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10
Q

Rh antigen is present on?

A

RhD (carry antigen D) and CE (carry antigen Ce) encoded by RHD AND RHCE
+/- depends on D ag on rbc

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11
Q

Lethal alleles

A

Loss of mutation occurs in essential gene (imp for survival) they for lethal alleles.
Can be recessive or dominant

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12
Q

Types of lethal alleles

A

Early- death at embryogenesis
Late- death after some time
Conditional- death when exposed to certain environment
Semilethal- kill some other survive

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13
Q

Penetrance

A

Proportion of genotype that express in expected phenotype

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14
Q

Incomplete penetrance

A

Trait is present but not expressed in phenotype.
When penetrance less than 100%

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