Mendel and His Peas Flashcards

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1
Q

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

A

heredity

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2
Q

the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred

A

dominant trait

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3
Q

a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred

A

recessive trait

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4
Q

one set of instructions for an inherited trait

A

gene

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5
Q

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color

A

allele

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6
Q

an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic

A

phenotype

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7
Q

the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

A

genotype

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8
Q

the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event

A

probability

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9
Q

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

A

homologous chromosomes

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10
Q

a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decrease to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells

A

meiosis

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11
Q

one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

A

sex chromosomes

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12
Q

a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

A

pedigree

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13
Q

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live

A

DNA

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14
Q

in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

A

nucleotide

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15
Q

RiboNucleic Acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production

A

RNA

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