Mendel

Question 1

Monohybrid cross

Answer 1

Focusing on one pair of contrasting traits only.

Question 2

Test cross

Answer 2

Crossing one unknown genotype individual with a pure line recessive individual for that trait to discover the unknown genotype.

Question 3

First law of segregation

Answer 3

During gamete formation, the paired unit factors (dominant or recessive) segregate randomly with equal probability.

Question 4

Second law of independent assortment

Answer 4

During gamete formation, segregating pairs of unit factors assort independently of each other.

Question 5

Recombinant types

Answer 5

Contrary of paternal types, mix of traits.

Question 6

Gene pairs, alleles, gametes and genotypes for n-hybrid crosses

Answer 6

Gene pairs: n
Alleles: 2*n
Gametes: 2^n
Genotypes: 3^n

Question 7

P(A|B)

Answer 7

P(A and B) / P(B)

Question 8

P(x successes out of n trials)

Answer 8

n!/(x!(n-x)!) * P(success)^x * (1-P(success))^n-x

Question 9

Data consistency

Answer 9

Χ² = Σ_i=1ⁿ (observed_i - expected_i)² / expected_i ~ χ²_n-1
If bigger than the critical value χ²_{n-1, 0.05} we reject the data consistency hypothesis.