Men's Health

Question 1

Identity the key trends in men’s health And why they contribute to morbidity and mortality (in comparison to women).

Answer 1

More likely to die early.
Most likely to die from cancer.
Most likely to get complications from diabetes.
Most likely to die from suicide.
Most likely to develop CVD.
More likely to be obese.

Question 2

Identify some key concepts on men’s mental health.

Answer 2

The peak age for male suicide is 45-49.

Equal deaths between under 45 and over 50.

Question 3

What are the men’s mental health risk factors?

Answer 3

1. More likely to respond to stress by risk taking.
2. Relationship breakdowns more likely to lead to suicide.
3. Emotional factors: don’t like talking therapies.
4. Men less likely to access psychological therapies.
5. Socio-economic factors: more likely than women to kill themselves in unemployment.
6. Mid-life crisis.

Question 4

Describe health-seeking trends in men.

Answer 4

Don’t go to their GPs as much as women.
Embarrassed to miss work for mental health.
Think employer will think worse of them.

Question 5

How can you evaluate CVS risk?

Answer 5

Age/gender, smoking, diabetes, angina/MI in immediate family before 60, hypertension/treatment for, postcode, BMI, systolic BP, total cholesterol, ethnicity, RA, CKD and AF, migraine, corticosteroids, SLE, atypical antipsychotics, severe mental illness and erectile dysfunction.

Question 6

What the physical causes of erectile dysfunction?

Answer 6

1. Atherosclerosis.
2. Smoking.
3. Cycling (damage by).
4. Side effects from prescribed drugs to treat HT, HD, depression, Peptic ulcers and cancer.
5. Spinal cord injury (25%).
6. Regular heavy drinking (nerve damage, reduce testosterone and increase oestrogen).

Question 7

What are the psychological causes of erectile dysfunction?

Answer 7

1. Stress and anxiety.
2. Depression.
3. Sexual boredom.
4. Unresolved sexual orientation.
5. Relationship conflicts.

Question 8

How can you treat erectile dysfunction?

Answer 8

1. Oral drugs.
2. Injection therapy: Viridal (vasodilation within 15mins).
3. Mediated Urethral System for Erection: alprostadil, small pallet inserted into penis via single-dose, disposable plastic applicator.
4. Vacuum pumps.
5. Penile implants.
6. Therapy.

Question 9

Identify the statistics for LUTS.

Answer 9

Common problem in older men.
Storage symptom prevalence increases significantly with age.
1/3 of men will hav urinary outflow tract symptoms (BPH).

Question 10

What are the risk factors of LUTS?

Answer 10

1. Increased serum dihydrotestosterone levels.
2. Obesity.
3. Elevated fasting glucose.
4. Diabetes.
5. Fat and red meat intake.
6. Inflammation (increase risk).

Question 11

When should you refer someone with LUTS?

Answer 11

1. Complicated by recurrent/persistent UTI, retention, renal impairment suspected to be due to lower urinary tract dysfunction or urological cancer.
2. SUI.
3. Haven’t responded to conservative management or drug treatment.

Question 12

Identify the symptoms of a filling LUTS.

Answer 12

Filling symptoms, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia.

Question 13

Identify the symptoms of voiding LUTS.

Answer 13

Poor stream, hesitancy, terminal dribbling, incomplete voiding, overflow incontinence (chronic retention).