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Patho > Men's health > Flashcards

Men's health Flashcards

1
Q

Define prostatitis

A

Inflammation of prostate gland. PTs are more likley to encounter patients with chronic prostatitis

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2
Q

In which population of men is the prevalence of prostatitis is at its highest?

A

Men <= 40 yrs old

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3
Q

What is the most common type of prostatitis?

A

Chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/ CPPS)

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4
Q

What are the potential causes of chronic pelvic pain syndrome?

A
  1. Urine reflux that stimulates an immune response

2. Pelvic floor dysfunction

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5
Q

Describe the clinical presentation for chronic prostatitis

A
  1. Low back and perineal pain
  2. Pain with prolonged sitting
  3. Voiding problems
  4. Sexual dysfunction
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6
Q

How is chronic prostatitis diagnosed?

A
  1. Urinalysis

2. Digital rectal exam (DRE)

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7
Q

How is chronic prostatitis differentiated from BPH and prostate CA?

A

Presence of Pain!

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8
Q

How is prostatitis prevented?

A
  1. Decrease time in seated position

2. If patient is a bicyclist, try different seats or change to a recumbent bicycle

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9
Q

How is prostatitis treated?

A
  1. Traditional: Anti-inflammatories, ABX, and skeletal muscle relaxants
  2. Physical therapy: Trigger point release, stretching and biofeedback of pelvic floor muscles
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10
Q

Define Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Age-related NONMALIGNANT enlargement of prostate gland

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11
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of BPH

A

It’s unknown and probably age-related. However, multiple nodules comprised of proliferating cells progressively narrow the urethra

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12
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of BPH

A
  1. DECREASED force of urinary flow

2. Urinary frequency, nocturia

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13
Q

What are the treatment options for BPH?

A
  1. Monitoring, until symptoms progress
  2. Surgery: TURP = transurethral resection of prostate
  3. Medication
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14
Q

What are common medication classes for BPH and their function?

A
  1. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors = shrinks prostate by 20%

2. Alpha-adrenergic blockers = relaxes smooth muscle in prostate, bladder, and urethra

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15
Q

What are the ADRs of alpha-adrenergic blockers?

A

Tachycardia, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension.

There is a potential for increased risk of falls!

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16
Q

Define prostate cancer

A

slow-growing malignant tumor of prostate gland

17
Q

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

A
  1. Age > 50 yrs old
  2. Family or personal history
  3. High-fat diet
  4. Cadmium exposure
18
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of prostate cancer

A
  1. Disorganized glands infiltrate stroma of prostate
  2. Tumors usually develop initially in periphery of prostate
  3. CA invades local structure
19
Q

Prostate cancer often metastasizes in what areas?

A
  1. Lymph nodes
  2. Axial skeleton (spine, ribs, sternum)
  3. Lungs
  4. Liver
20
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of prostate cancer

A

Early: No symptoms
Late: Urinary outflow obstruction, frequency, hesitance, nocturia, anemia, weight loss, and fatigue

21
Q

How is prostate cancer prevented?

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Lycopene
    These are associated with lower incidence
22
Q

Metastatic lesion of prostate cancer usually occur where?

A

In axial skeleton, particularly thoracolumbar & sacral regions

23
Q

When should you refer individuals with prostate cancer to a physician?

A

When back pain is not clearly associated with movement, and person reports urologic dysfunction; or, if patient has/ had prostatic cancer and has NEW back pain

24
Q

What can be done for men who has had or going to have a radical prostatectomy?

A

Since incontinence is 100% immediately after catheter removal and most men regain control in 6 months (mean = 3 wk), pelvic floor re-education may speed recovery. Also, biofeedback and pelvic floor re-education before procedure may hasten recovery of urine control and decreased severity of incontinence.

25
Q

Define testicular cancer

A

Abnormal, RAPID, invasive growth of malignant cells in testicles

26
Q

What is the epidemiology of testicular cancer?

A

Most common CA in males 15-35 yrs of age

27
Q

What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?

A
  1. Past medical history of undescended testicles (increases incidence 35x)
  2. Abnormal testicular development
  3. Klinefelter’s syndrome
  4. Previous testicular cancer
  5. Family of testicular cancer
  6. Being white
28
Q

What is the clinical presentation of testicular cancer?

A

1, Enlargement, lump, or swelling of testicles (may or may not be painful)

  1. Pain or feeling of heaviness in scrotum
  2. DULL ache in back/ lower abdomen (may be the ONLY sx)
  3. Dyspnea
  4. Gynecomastia = development of breast tissue
29
Q

How is testicular cancer diagnosed?

A
  1. Painless mass in testicles is a KEY sign
  2. Serum tumor markers
  3. Biopsy
30
Q

How is testicular cancer prevented?

A

Testicular self-exam recommended at least every 6 months. Cure rate if detected early over 95%

Patho (5 decks)

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