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Patho > Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Primary functions of the renal system?

A
  1. Excretion of cellular waste products through urine formation and micturation
  2. Regulation of blood volume by conserving or excreting electrolytes and water
  3. Electrolyte regulation by conserving or excreting minerals
  4. Acid-base regulation
  5. Arterial BP regulation (Na balance and renin secretion to maintain homeostasis)
  6. Erythropoietin secretion
  7. Gluconeogenesis
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2
Q

What are the classic signs/ symptoms of GU problems?

A
  1. Pain

2. Changes in voiding habits

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3
Q

Where is the pain referral of the kidneys?

A

T10 - L1

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4
Q

Name the types of voiding habit change and their indications.

A
  1. Urinary frequency - (Prostate enlargement, prostate infection, CKD)
  2. Urinary urgency - Hallmark of UTI
  3. Nocturia - (Old age is normal; Diabetes, CHF)
  4. Polyuria - (Type I diabetes, early stage of renal failure)
  5. Oliguria - (late stage renal failure)
  6. Anuria - (end-stage renal failure)
  7. Dysuria - UTI
  8. Hematuria - MUST REPORT TO MD (Traumatic follie catherization, CANCER in GU tract)
  9. Decreased force of urinary flow - (Prostate enlargement, urethra obstruction [ie kidney stones])
    10 Incontinence - Many reasons (ie; SCI, CNS/ANS dysfunction, Dementia)
  10. Dyspareunia - (UTI, Menopause, Endometriosis)
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5
Q

What are the most common diagnostic tests for GU systemic pathology?

A
  1. Urinalysis
  2. Creatinine tests
  3. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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6
Q

What are the normal values of urinanalysis for specific gravity and pH levels?

A
  1. Specific gravity - 1.002 to 1.028

2. pH = 4.6 - 8.0 (avg 6.0)

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7
Q

What conditions are indicative for each of the following particles found in the urine:

  1. Glucose
  2. Ketones
  3. Proteins
  4. Hb and RBCs
  5. Bilirubin
  6. WBCs, bacteria
A
  1. Glucose: Diabetes
  2. Ketones: Ketogenic Diet
  3. Proteins: Kidney disease or damage to kidneys
  4. Hb and RBCs: Kidney disease or Intense Exercise
  5. Bilirubin: Liver damage
  6. WBCs, bacteria: UTI
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8
Q

Creatinine levels are usually performed by what measures?

A
  1. Plasma creatinine

2. Creatinine clearance, approximates GFR

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9
Q

[DECREASED or INCREASED] levels of plasma is indicative of decreased renal function?

A

INCREASED

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10
Q

[DECREASED or INCREASED] Cr clearance is indicative of decreased renal function?

A

DECREASED

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11
Q

INCREASED BUN levels can indicate:

A
  1. Decreased renal function or fluid intake
  2. Increased muscle catabolism
  3. Increased protein intake
  4. Acute infection
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12
Q

What is an important criteria from diagnostic tests to implicate a pt with decreased renal function?

A

BUN levels need to be correlated with plasma Cr levels

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13
Q

How might alterations in BUN and Cr levels affect your pt?

A

It may lead to alterations in pt’s mental status.

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Patho (5 decks)

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