Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Primary Care > Men' Health > Flashcards

Men' Health Flashcards

1
Q

Obstructive Symptoms of Prostatism

A 
Decreased and Intermittent Urinary Stream
Double Micturition
Hesitancy
Feeling of incomplete Emptying 
Straining to Void
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of Obstructive Symptoms?

A 
Prostatic Enlargement
Strictures 
Tumours
Urethral Valves 
Bladder Neck Contracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Irritative Symptoms of Prostatism

Detrusor Muscle Hypertrophy

A

Frequency
Urgency
Dysuria
Nocturia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of Irritative Symptoms?

A 
Enlarged Prostat
UTI
Polydipsia
Hypercalcaemia
Uraemia
Detrusor Instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complications of BPH?

A 
Recurrent UTI
Bladder Stones
Haematuria
Acute retention of Urine 
Chronic Urine Retention
Overflow Incontinence
Obstructive Nephropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management of BPH?

A

-Mild symptoms + No complications: Decreased fluid and caffeine intake, bladder retraining, prevent constipation

-mild/mod symptoms:
alpha adrenoceptor antagonists: prazosin, doxazosin (Stops worsening)
5alpha reductase inhibitors: finasteride (bulky prostate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should you watch out for in a patient taking alpha adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin/ daxazosin?

A

Postural Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long will it take for 5alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) to work?

A

upto 6mnths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much more does combination therapy decrease progression by compared to either agent alone?

A

66%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BPH Referral to urologist?

A 
Complicated BPH
Nodeular/Firm protate on DRE 
Failure to respond to tx - 3-12mnths/6-12mnths
Increased PSA:
age 50-59: >/=3
age 60-69: >/= 4
age 70-79: >/= 5
Severe Symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

A

Suspected UTI
Fever, arthralgia/myalgia- low back, perineal, penile +/- rectal pain
DRE: swollen, painful prostate
Check MSU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin 4wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complications of acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Acute retention of urine
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Prostate abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome)

A 
>3mnth Hx of;
-Urological Pain- lower abdomen, pelvis/perineum, penis (esp. tip on ejaculation), testicles, rectum, low back 
\+/-
-Irritative/obstructive symptoms 
-Ejaculatory Disturbance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx chronic prostatitis

A

alpha blockers

Remission may be spontaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reasons for increased PSA?

A 
Prostate Ca
BPH
Acute or Chronic Prostatitis
Physical Exercise
Acute Urinary Retention
Prostate Instrumentation 
Old Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do not do a PSA test if?

A 
UTI-treat and postpone PSA >1mnth 
Ejaculation within 48hrs 
Exercise within 48hrs
Prostate Biopsy < 6wks 
*Finasteride + Ddutasteride decrease PSA by 50%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Number of men that have prostate cancer in their lifetime?

A

1 in 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PSA test and DRE are recommended for patients with the following unexplained symptoms?

A 
Erectile Dysfunction
Haematuria
Lower back pain
bone pain
Obstructive/ Inflammatory symptoms 
weight loss esp. in elderly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Urgent Referral

A

DRE: hard, irreg prostate (not simply enlarged)
DRE: Normal, PSA raised/rising +/- LUTS
LUTS + High PSA

21
Q

If borderline PSA results how should you proceed?

A

Repeat after 1-3mnths

22
Q

Treatment options in symptomless, local prostate cancer?

A
  • Monitor:
  • Radical Prostatectomy: complications-impotence 50% + incontinence 25%
  • Radiotherapy
  • Hormone Tx
23
Q

Treatment of symtomatic prostate cancer

A

Hormone Manipulation:
-Leutenizing Hormone releasing hormone analogues- Goserelin
SC injection every 4-6wks
-Anti androgens
Crypterone acetate, flutamide, bicalutamide
Prevent S/E due to testosterone flare after admin of first dose of LHRH analogues
given a few days in advance

24
Q

Side effects of LHRH analogues?

A 
Impotence
Hot Flushes
Bruising
Gynaecomastia
Infection -injection sites
25
Q

Gleason Score

A

Graded 1-5

Two areas of highest grade cells are added together

26
Q

Torsion of the testes?

A

Sudden onset, severe scrotal pain
Ass. w/t RIF pain, nausea + vomiting
15-30yrs
tender, hard testes riding higher than contralateral testes

27
Q

Torsion of the hydatid Morgagni (Appendages)?

A

Small embryological remnant at the upper pole of the testes

Presents similiarly to torsion of the testes

28
Q

Epididymo-orchitis?

A

Inflammation of the testes and epidymis due to infection
Viral: Mumps
Bacterial: Chlamydia or Gonococcal (<35yrs) + coliforms(>35yrs)

29
Q

Presentation pf epididymo-orchitis?

A

Acute onset of pain, swelling and tenderness
fever and rigors
+/- urethritis, dysuria, frequency

30
Q

A positive prehn’s sign indicates?

A

Acute epididymo-orchitis

31
Q

Treatment for epididymo-orchitis?

A

Elevation of scrotum
Mumps: Paracetamol, Fluids, Rest
Chlamydia: Doxycycline 10-14days
Gonnorrhoea: Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline 10-14days

32
Q

Causes of Secondary Hydrocele (collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis)

A

Infection
Tumour (adults presenting)
Torsion

33
Q

Hydrocele Management?

A

Children: Congenital, resolve within 1yr
Adults:USS if testes non palpable
Tapping- surgery inappropriate, infection or recurrence
Surgery

34
Q

Hydrocele of the cord?

A

Arises in part of the processus vaginalis in the spermatic cord above the testes
Rounded lump which slips up and down the inguinal canal

35
Q

Haematocoele?

A

Damage to the testes

Tunica Vaginalis fills with blood

36
Q

Varicocele?

A

Varicose veins in pampiniform plexus
Secondary to :obstruction of the testicular veins in the abdomen
L > R
Infertility
Dull ache in testes @ end of day/ after exercise
Seen on standing

37
Q

Epididymal Cyst?

A

Multiple, painles lump
Smooth walled cyst palpable above and behind the testes, bilateral
USS referral if unsure

38
Q

Spermatocoele?

A

Cyst containing sperm
Located in the head of the epididymis
Presents the same as epidermal cyst

39
Q

Benign Testicular tumours?

A

-Sertoli Cell Adenomas
-Leydig Cell Adenomas
Produce sex hormones

40
Q

Testicular Cancer?

A

-Seminoma (60%)
-Teratoma
20-34yrs
Painless lump in testes
Painful if hydrocele
Mets: back pain/ dyspnoea

41
Q

Risk Factors for testicular cancer

A

Undescended testes
Bilateral undescended testes (increased risk 10x)
PHx testicular cancer

42
Q

Empty Scrotum vs Hypoplastic?

A

Hypoplastic if scrotum never contained testes

43
Q

Causes of an empty scrotum?

A

Undescended or retractile testes
Surgical Removal-torsion, trauma or tumour
Testicular Atrophy-mumps or trauma
Ambiguous genitalia

44
Q

Mixed testicular tumours are treated?

A 
Like teratomas
B-HCG, aFP, LDH
Fast Growing
Tx: stage 1 (60%)
Inguinal Orchidectomy and surveillance of tumour markers
Sperm Banking 
Tx: relapses (25% < 18mnths) and metastatic disease 
Chemotherapy
45
Q

Fournier’s Gangrene

A

Necrotizing Fascitis of the scrotal skin +/- penis
Elderly
Hydrocele
Tx: surgical depridement and IV antibiotics (Flucloxacillin

46
Q

Undescended Testis affects what percentage of neonates?

A

2-3%

Descend within 1yr

47
Q

If testes do not descend after 1 yr how should you proceed?

A

Refer for surgical descent/ fixation

Decrease risk of malignancy and infertility in later life

48
Q

Retractile tetis is due to?

A

Active Cremasteric Reflex

Primary Care (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions