Memory - Types of LTM

Question 1

Who proposed the three LTM stores?

Answer 1

Tulving (1985)

Question 2

What are the 3 types of LTM?

Answer 2

Episodic, semantic & procedural

Question 3

What is episodic memory? AND how is it retrieved?

Answer 3

A memory store for person events including memories of when events occurred and of that people, objects, places and behaviours involved. Memory must be retrieved consciously & with effort

Question 4

What is semantic memory? AND how is it retrieved?

Answer 4

A memory store for our knowledge on the world includes facts e.g. Paris is the capital of France. These need to be recalled deliberately

Question 5

What is procedural memory? AND how is it retrieved?

Answer 5

A memory store on how to do things includes learned skills e.g. tying shoe laces. Procedural memory can be recalled with zero effort

Question 6

Give an example of a case study that provides evidence for the different types of LTM

Answer 6

The case of HM - where his episodic memory was damaged but his procedural & semantic were not.

Question 7

Strength 1 - Case Study of H.M. as Support for Types of LTM

Answer 7

Point:
The case study of H.M. supports the between different types of long-term memory (LTM).

Explanation:
H.M.’s surgery led to the removal of parts of his hippocampus, causing severe memory loss in some areas but not others.

Evidence:

Episodic and Semantic Memory: H.M. could not form new memories about personal experiences or facts.
Procedural Memory: He could still learn new skills, like mirror drawing, despite his other memory issues.
Link:
H.M.’s case shows that episodic, semantic, and procedural memories are separate systems, each managed by different parts of the brain, reinforcing tHE LTM classifications.

Question 8

Strength 2 - Neuroimaging Studies Supporting Types of LTM

Answer 8

Point:
Neuroimaging studies provide visual proof for the distinctions between types of long-term memory (LTM).

Explanation:
Brain scans, such as fMRI and PET, show different brain areas are activated for different types of memory.

Evidence:

Episodic Memory: Activates the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe when recalling personal experiences.
Semantic Memory: Involves the temporal cortex when retrieving facts.
Procedural Memory: Engages the cerebellum and basal ganglia during skill learning and execution.
Link:
These findings confirm that episodic, semantic, and procedural memories use distinct brain regions, supporting the breakdown of LTM types.

Question 9

Weakness 1 -