memory, reward, motivation

Question 1

declarative memory

Answer 1

explicit memory, can clearly state them, conscious memories, 2 types

Question 2

non-declarative memory

Answer 2

implicit memory, motor memory

Question 3

2 types of declarative memory

Answer 3

episodic- events, semantic- facts

Question 4

brain areas important for declarative memory

Answer 4

MTL, Hippocampus, and mammilary bodies

Question 5

brain areas important for non-declarative memory

Answer 5

basil ganglia

Question 6

working memory

Answer 6

temporary storage of info

Question 7

spatial memory

Answer 7

memory for spacial information, using the hippocampus

Question 8

place cells

Answer 8

fire at different rates based on location and place

Question 9

amnesia

Answer 9

memory loss

Question 10

retrograde amnesia

Answer 10

memory loss of times before injury

Question 11

anterograde amnesia

Answer 11

impaired ability to form new memories

Question 12

what can cause memory loss

Answer 12

injury, neurodegenerative disease, infectious disease, nutritional deficiency, anoxia (loss of oxygen)

Question 13

dementia

Answer 13

substantial loss of memory and other cognitive functions

Question 14

intelligence

Answer 14

set of knowledge and skills

Question 15

PFC/vmPFC

Answer 15

responsible for executive functions and abilities

Question 16

osmotic thirst

Answer 16

when fluid in cells decreases

Question 17

hypovolemic thirst

Answer 17

when there is a decrease in blood volume

Question 18

arcuate nucleus (ARC)

Answer 18

master control for hunger

Question 19

orexigenic neurons

Answer 19

start eating

Question 20

POMC neurons

Answer 20

stop eating

Question 21

lateral hypothalamus

Answer 21

initiates eating

Question 22

ghrelin

Answer 22

starts in the stomach, triggers eating through ARC

Question 23

CCK

Answer 23

Starts in intestines, terminates eating through PVN

Question 24

Leptin

Answer 24

Starts in fat cells, maintains long term through ARC

Question 25

Insulin

Answer 25

Starts in pancreas, maintains long term through ARC

Question 26

Batille’s model for working memory

Answer 26

phonological loop, visual sketchpad, and central executive

Question 27

Case of H.M

Answer 27

Injury to bilateral MTL via resuction, resulted in impairments to declarative memory–anterograde amnesia and temporally graded retrograde amnesia

Question 28

Case of S.M

Answer 28

Bilateral amygdala damage due to neurodevelopmental disorder which resulted in a lack of fear response

Question 29

Case of Boswell

Answer 29

bilateral MTL damage due to HSE resulting in impaired declarative memory

Question 30

psychoactive drugs

Answer 30

effects brain and nervous system

Question 31

opiates

Answer 31

from the plant poppy, relieves pain, induces sleep, positive feels–morphine, heroin

Question 32

depressants

Answer 32

decreases central nervous system activity, calms, reduces anxiety, sleep inducing–alcohol, benzodiazpines

Question 33

stimulants

Answer 33

activate the CNS, increased arousal, increased alertness, mood–caffeine, nicotine, meth

Question 34

caffeine

Answer 34

blocks binding of adenosine, increases dopamine and ocetylocine

Question 35

cocaine

Answer 35

blocks reuptake of dopamine and serotonin and dopamine

Question 36

meth

Answer 36

increases dopamine and norephinephrine, blocks dopamine reuptake

Question 37

weed

Answer 37

binds to endogenous signal receptors (canaboid receptors)–releases dopamine