Memory - Models Of Memory

Question 1

What is storage?

Answer 1

Holding information in the memory system

Question 2

What is retrieval?

Answer 2

Recovery of information from storage

Question 3

Who suggest the multi store model

Answer 3

ATKINSON and SHIFFRINS

Question 4

What is attention?

Answer 4

Actually consciously take notice of incoming stimuli

Question 5

What is rehearsal?

Answer 5

It acts as a buffer between sensory register and LTM and enables information to be maintained in the STM

Question 6

What is encoding?

Answer 6

Changing the form of information

Question 7

What is coding?

Name and explain a study supporting this

(SR)

Answer 7

Information is stored in a raw and unprocessed form. They are separate stores for different sensory inputs

Crowder - SR only retains iconic information for a few milliseconds, but 2-3 seconds for echoing. This supports the idea that sensory information is processed in different sensory stores

Question 8

What is capacity?

Name and explain a study supporting this

(SR)

Answer 8

The capacity of each sensory store is large, with information in an unprocessed , highly detailed and ever changing format.

Javitt et al - found a biological basis is to SR capacity, the capacity of the iconic and echoic stores appears to be related to efficiency of the nervous system, suggesting individual ion differences in SR

Question 9

What is duration?

Name and explain a study supporting this

Answer 9

Each limited duration is not constant across stores, different sensory stores have different durations. Some research suggest duration decreases with age

Treisman - presented auditory messages in both ears. They were a slight delay between presentations. Participants noticed the messages were identical if presented 2 seconds of less apart. Suggesting echoic has limited duration of 2 seconds.

Question 10

What is coding?

Name and explain a study supporting this

(STM)

Answer 10

Informations arrives in the SR in its original, raw format and is the encoded in the STM. Information can be encoded in the STM in several ways eg visually, acoustically and semantically

Baddeley - gave pts 4 list of words: acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar and semantically dissimilar. He asked half of pts to recall immediately after (STM) and some 20 minutes after (LTM)
Findings:
🔸found that pts recalling from the STM were able to remember the semantically similar words accurately but made more mistakes with acoustically similar. List A = 10% other lists were relatively good between 60-80%