Memory: models and research methods Flashcards
The mechanism we use to create, maintain and retrieve information about the past:
memory
The means by which we retain and draw on our past experiences to use that information in the present:
memory
Cognitive psychologists have identified three common operations of memory:
encoding, storage and retrieval
What were the 2 models of memory first proposed by William James?
primary memory and secondary memory
_____ holds temporary information currently in use.
primary memory
_______ holds information permanently or at least for a very long time.
secondary memory
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin proposed an alternative model that conceptualised memory in terms of three memory stores:
sensory store, short-term store and long-term store
Capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for very brief periods:
sensory store
Capable of storing information for somewhat longer periods but of relatively limited capacity as well:
short-term store
of very large capacity, capable of storing information for very long periods, perhaps even indefinitely:
long-term store
What are three methods used to study memory?
Free recall, cued recall and serial recall
Recall all the words you can from the list you saw previously:
free recall
Recall everything you can that is associated with the civil war. Participants are given a cue to facilitate recall:
cued recall
Recall the names of all previous presidents in order they were elected. Need to recall order as well as item names:
serial recall
What are the three parts of the traditional model of memory?
sensory store, short-term store and long-term store
An executive form of short term memory, can hold info for a few seconds to a few minutes:
working memory
New information dislodging old information is knows as?
retroactive interference
Old information is blocking new information from being remembered:
proactive interference
Deep processing leads to better memory, shallow processing emphasises the physical features of the stimulus. Different ways to process information lead to different strengths of memories. this is knows as what model?
Levels of processing model of memory
What are the three levels of processing?
physical, phonological and semantic
Visually apparent features of the letters:
physical
Sound combinations with the letters (e.g. rhyming)
phonological
Meaning of the word:
semantic
What are the three parts of Tulving’s multiple-memory systems model?
Semantic memory, episodic memory, and procedural memory
