Intro to cognitive psychology Flashcards
The study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information:
Cognitive psychology
Understanding the world through introspection:
Rationalism
Understanding the world through observation
Empiricism
Who developed a dialectical synthesis approach where rationalism and empiricism must work together to reveal truth?
Immanuel Kant
Who are famous rationalists?
Plato and Rene Descartes
Who are famous empiricists?
Aristotle and John Locke (tabula rasa)
Structures of the mind can be revealed through introspection. Focuses mainly on elementary structures of sensation; sensations, images and affections
Structuralism
A pragmatic approach that sought to determine why people do what they do. Focus on processes of though rather than contents. Seeks to understand what people do and why they do it.
Functionalism
Examined how events or ideas become associated with one another. For example through contiguity, similarity, contrast and law of effect.
Associationism
An extreme version of associationism that focuses entirely on the association between the environment and observable behaviour:
Behaviourism
An anti-behavioural movement that focused upon organised, structured wholes:
Gestalt Psychology
Who is viewed as the founder of structuralism in Psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
“The whole is more than the sup of its parts” sums up what psychological perspective?
Gestalt Psychology
_______ is the belief that much of human behaviour can be understood in terms of how people think.
Cognitivism
Who are the early antecedents of cognitive psychology?
Karl Spencer Lashley (neuroatanomy - looking inside the head), Donald Hebb ( cell assemblies), and Herbert Simon (engineering computations, serial vs parallel processing - thinking machines)
