Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognitive Psychology > Memory Models > Flashcards

Memory Models Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 explanations of memory

A

Working memory model

Multi store memory model

Tulvings long term memory

Reconstructive memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three components of memory in the MSMM

A

Sensory register

Short Term Memory

Long Term Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the role of the sensory register

And the duration etc

A

Receives all of the information from the senses and then filters out the irrelevant information and the relevant information is focussed on and attended to via attention

Short duration, large store, modality specific passes information to the short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the short term memory store

A

It receives information from the short term sensory store
If the information is rehearsed via the rehearsal loop it is encoded into LTM
If it is not rehearsed it is discarded

18-30 seconds
5-9 items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe LTM

A

Info is encoded into LTM from STM and when it is need a process of retrieval occurs

It is a store with an unlimited capacity and an unlimited duration and it is semantically organised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is evidence to show that LTM and STM are separate stores and why

A

Clive wearing

Suffered damage to his hippocampus, unable to make new LT memories but was able to utilise his STM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is Clive Wearing also evidence to show a weakness of MSMM

A

He was able to remember to play the piano as he was in an orchestra when he was younger, potentially suggesting that there are separate stores to LTM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the serial position effect (primacy-regency) show

A

People remember words at the start of the list and end of a list better, as the info at the start is rehearsed more via the rehearsal loop and the info at the end has just been processed in STM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is encoding

A

The movement of information from STM to LTM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is retrieval

A

The movement of information from LTM to STM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Henry molaison support the idea that encoding and retrieval are two separate processes

A

He was able to remember old memories such as a holiday from when he was 13 (retrieval) but unable to store new memories (encoding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three components of WMM

A

Central executive

Phonological loop

Visuo spatial sketchpad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two parts of the phonological loop

A

Phonological store - allows the individual to process new information (inner ear)

Articulatory rehearsal system - processes the information that’s just been said (inner voice)

Allowing an individual to make sense of a conversation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of the central executive

A

Plays a supervisory role in STM and acts as a little homonculous, it receives information from the sensory register and relays it to the relevant slave system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of the visuo spatial sketchpad

A

Slave system that deals with visual and spatial in information, effectively it is putting yourself in context to the world around you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the episodic buffer?

A

A proposed limited capacity storage system that can integrate information into and receive information from LTM

17
Q

Why was the episodic buffer added?

A

Due to criticisms that the model received, for example, the issue that we could store a limited number of word sequences in the phonological loop but could store longer sentence sequences

18
Q

What was Williams syndrome evidence for

A

A rare condition where individuals show normal language ability but impaired visuo spatial sketchpad ability.
Supporting the idea that the phonological loop and visuo spatial sketchpad are seperate

19
Q

What is the testability like of WMM

A

As this is a model of memory, it has issues with testability as you cannot directly assess if something is there or not

We may be able to assess whether someone has issues with verbal or visual info through tests but we cannot physically see those processes going on in the brain

20
Q

Who developed the long term explanation we have to learn about on this spec

A

Tulving (1972)

21
Q

What are the two stores identified by tulving in LTM

A

Episodic

Semantic

22
Q

Describe the semantic store of memory in LTM

A

Mental encyclopaedia

Independent of time referencing and input can be fragmentary

Learning is possible without actively focussing on the information

Memory trace is more robust and less susceptible to transformation

23
Q

Describe the episodic store of memory in LTM

A

Mental diary

Time and context input in continuous

Retrieval uses cues (useful application for eye witness testimony)

Memory trace is less robust and so the memory is more susceptible to change

24
Q

What does Tulvings LTM explanation build on

A

MSMM

25
Q

What is Ostegaard evidence for in Tulvings explanation of LTM

A

It supports the idea that semantic memory and episodic memory are separate,

As the boy with brain damage was able to make educational progress and store new information in semantic memory but was unable to make memories about life events

26
Q

However, Clive Wearing shows evidence for what?

Tulvings LTM

A

Evidence for procedural memory

27
Q

Is it difficult to isolate the memory stores?

A

Yes,

When telling a story about a holiday for example it relies on facts about where the holiday was

However, episodic is perhaps more difficult to isolate than semantic

28
Q

How does the interrelationship of the stores impact testability

A

It impacts testability as it is difficult to measure the stores in isolation

29
Q

Who developed reconstructive memory and when?

A

Bartlett in 1932

30
Q

What does reconstructive memory state

A

Memory is not a passive record but an active process of storing and reconstructing information

31
Q

What is effort after meaning

A

Connecting a new stimulus to a knowledge or experience we already have, making it easier to store

32
Q

What is active reconstruction

A

This is where we are asked to recall a memory and we actively reconstruct our schemes filling in the blanks with our social norms to make a coherent story

This can lead to memory distortions

33
Q

What are factors that effect the way we store information

A

Our perception of the event

And our stereotypes

34
Q

How can perception effect memory

A

Perception is impacted by an individuals interpretation of what they see or hear

Can be effected by mood/experience etc

35
Q

What is a schema

A

A parcel of stored information about an event

36
Q

Where has Reconstructive memory had applications and why

A

Legal system, specifically eye witness testimony

37
Q

Do bartletts findings have good or bad testability

A

Bad,

Difficult to see the process of active reconstruction happening etc

38
Q

How does Allport and Postman (1947) provide evidence to suggest that perception and our stereotypes effect memory

A

Scruffily dressed white man holding blade to black man

Was changed to scruffily dressed black man holding blade to white man

Suggesting stereotypes altered memory

39
Q

How does War of the Ghosts provide evidence about effort after meaning

A

When pottier to recite War of the Ghosts

It was often half as long and specific language was changed to fit the norms of their society, such as canoe was changed to boat

Suggesting that the war of the Ghosts story was stored alongside similar info, but minor difference caused the language to change

Cognitive Psychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions