Memory Models

Question 1

Multi-Store Model (Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory)

Answer 1

Sensory input goes into sensory memory (unattended information is lost). The rest goes to the short-term memory (unrehearsed info is lost). With maintenance rehearsal it stays in STM.
With encoding info is transformed into form suitable for storage in LTM (some info may be lost over time).
With retrieval info from LTM is brought back into STM and used.

Question 2

Tulving’s Model of LTM (1972)

Answer 2

Tulving divided LTM into declarative (semantic and episodic) and procedural (without non-declarative)

Question 3

HM (Henry Molaison) patient and his memory

Answer 3

His hippocampus was removed and he had problem with memory consolidation of declarative memory. Non-declarative, sensory and stm were in act. He could learn how to play a piano but couldn’t remember how he did that.

Question 4

Levels of processing theory (Craik and Lockhart Theory, 1972)

Answer 4

1. Structural encoding - focusing on the physical appearance of a word (whether the word is uppercase/lowercase)
2. Phonemic encoding - focusing on how word sound (repeating without thinking about its meaning)
3. Semantic encoding - thinking about meaning of the word and relating it to something meaningful.

Question 5

What is elaborative (детальне, глибинне) rehearsal in “hierarchy” of levels of processing

Answer 5

Elaborative rehearsal involves linking new info to pre-existing knowledge or adding meaning to it, helping to form durable memory traces.
It leads to deep processing unlike shallow processing.