Memory, Learning, Acquiring Skills Flashcards
What are the three types of memory?
The sensory store, working memory, long term memory
What does iconic memory store?
visual information
How long is iconic memory stored for?
0.5 seconds
What does Echoic memory store?
Auditory information
How long is Echoic memory stored for?
8 seconds
How much information that enters the sensory store makes it into working memory?
Less than 1%
How long does working memory hold information for?
15-30 seconds
What kind of information does working memory hold?
Information that you are consciously thinking about now.
How many separate items of information can be kept in working memory?
About 7
How can the number of items held in working memory be increased?
Chunking
What are the three types of long term memory?
Semantic, Episodic, Procedural
What are the 4 important learning processes?
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, learning by insight, learning by imitation
What is classical conditioning?
passive learning by association
What is operant conditioning?
A form of active learning e.g. instructor encouraging a student to make the R/T call on final means he is more likely to do it.
What are the 3 stages of learning a skill?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
What is the name given to motor programmes which can be executed without conscious thought?
skill-based behaviours
What is the name given to behaviours for which a procedure has been learnt?
Rule based behaviours
What is the name given to skills for which there are no motor programmes or rule based behaviours?
Knowledge-based behaviours.
What is the name given to a mistake of raising the gear instead of the flaps.
Action Slip
