Memory Key Terms

Question 1

Coding

Answer 1

Form in which information is stored in memory

Question 2

Capacity

Answer 2

How much information can be stored in memory

Question 3

Duration

Answer 3

Length of time in which memory can be retained

Question 4

Multi store model

Answer 4

Idea that STM and LTM are separate stores
STM has to be rehearsed to transfer to LTM
Cognitive explanation of memory

Question 5

Sensory register

Answer 5

Automatic response to the reception of sensory information.

First storage system within the MSM

Question 6

STM

Answer 6

Conscious experience where information is processed from the SR through attention and rehearsal.
Information is stored temporarily and is thought to have limited capacity and duration
Has to be rehearsed to transfer to LTM

Question 7

LTM

Answer 7

Information can be stored here permanently
Unlimited capacity
Lifetime duration

Question 8

Rehearsal

Answer 8

Repeat info so that it encodes in LTM

Question 9

Decay

Answer 9

Type of forgetting that occurs when memories fade over time
Applied to STM and sensory storage
Defat occurs because we don’t need to process every single piece of information

Question 10

Interference

Answer 10

Old information interferes with the acquisition or comprehension of learning new information
(or vice versa depending on what type of interference it is)

Question 11

Displacement

Answer 11

Information if forgotten due to limited capacity in the STM

Question 12

Serial position effect

Answer 12

Refers to the tendency to recall information that is presented first and list better than information presented in the middle

Question 13

Primary effect

Answer 13

Information learned first will be remembered better due to information being transferred to the LTM through rehearsal

Question 14

Recency effect

Answer 14

Information learned last will be remembered better as it is still in rehearsal loop
Words remain in the STM prior to recall

Question 15

Working memory model

Answer 15

Idea that memory has several different stores
Represents the part of memory when working on a 2 different complex tasks
E.g. visual and verbal

Question 16

Central executive

Answer 16

Responsible for controlling of attention
Also it directs and processes information from the slave states and LTM
Has limited storage capacity

Question 17

Phonological loop

Answer 17

Processes speech-based sounds
Phonological store (inner ear): stores acoustically codes items
Articulatory control process (inner voice):
Allows sub-vocal repetition (rehearsal) of times stored in the phonological store

Question 18

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 18

Stores/process visual and spatial information
Helps navigate and interact with the environment
Visual cache: stores information about form and colour
Inner scribe: deals with spatial and movement information

Question 19

Episodic buffer

Answer 19

General memory store
Slave systems deal with the specific tasks for specific types of information
Helps organize info into chunks/episodes
Limited capacity

Question 20

Episodic LTM

Answer 20

Explicit
Memory- autobiographical record of our personal experiences
Influenced by our emotions
Helps individuals distinguish between real and imagined events
Located in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and neocortex

Question 21

Semantic LTM

Answer 21

Explicit
Memory- knowledge and facts
Located in the hippocampus, formal and temporal lobes

Question 22

Procedural LTM

Answer 22

Implicit
Helps individuals recall motor skills/tasks without conscious thought
Procedural and semantic memories often work together
Located in the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum (NO HIPPOCAMPUS)

Question 23

Proactive interference

Answer 23

Works forward in time

When past memories inhibit an individual to retain new memories

Question 24

Retroactive interference

Answer 24

Works backward in time

When newly learned information inhibits an individual to recall previously learned information

Question 25

Retrieval cues

Answer 25

Things that serve as a reminder/prompt and aid recall

Question 26

Post-event discussion

Answer 26

Misleading information is added to memory after a event has occurred

Question 27

Leading questions

Answer 27

A question that suggests a certain answer

Question 28

Weapon-focus effect

Answer 28

Negatively affects EWT recall

Individuals will pay more attention to the weapon instead

Question 29

Standard police interview

Answer 29

Revolve around the interviewer rather than the witness

Question 30

Cognitive interview

Answer 30

Mental reinstatement of context- provide context based retrieval cues
Report everything
Change of narrative order- helps verify the accuracy of the statement
Change of perspective- provides the witness with retrieval cues to access more information from their memory