Memory: Key Terms

Question 1

Who proposed the multi-store model?

Answer 1

Atkinson & Shiffon

Question 2

What is capacity?

Answer 2

Amount/Quantity

Question 3

What is duration?

Answer 3

Time information is held for

Question 4

What is coding?

Answer 4

The type or format of information being stored

Question 5

What is the capacity of the SR (sensory register)?

Answer 5

Very large

Question 6

What is the duration of the SR?

Answer 6

Limited (miliseconds)

Question 7

What is the coding for the SR?

Answer 7

Sense specific (echoic-acoustic etc.)

Question 8

What is the capacity for the STM (short -term memory)?

Answer 8

Limited (7+/-2 chunks)

Question 9

What is the duration of the STM?

Answer 9

Very limited (18-30seconds)

Question 10

What is the coding for the STM?

Answer 10

Acoustic

Question 11

What is the capacity for the LTM (long-term memory)?

Answer 11

Unlimited

Question 12

What is the duration for the LTM?

Answer 12

Lifetime/years

Question 13

What is the coding for the LTM?

Answer 13

Semantic (meaning)

Question 14

How many stores is memory made up of according to the Multi-Store Model?

Answer 14

Three

Question 15

True or false. Is the flow of information through stores in the MSM sequential?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is WMM (The Working Memory Model)?

Answer 16

The WMM is an explanation of how the STM is organised and functions

Question 17

What does the central executive do?

Answer 17

Attentional process that monitors the incoming data makes decisions and allocated to the ‘Slave systems.’

Question 18

What does phonological loop do?

Answer 18

Deal with auditory information+preserves the order in which information arrives

Question 19

What does the phonological store do?

Answer 19

Stores the words you hear

Question 20

What does the articulatory process do?

Answer 20

Allows maintenance rehearsal

Question 21

What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 21

Stores visual and/or spatial information

Question 22

What does the visual cache do?

Answer 22

Stores visual data

Question 23

What does the inner scribe do?

Answer 23

Records the arrangement of objects in the visual field

Question 24

What is the episodic buffer?

Answer 24

Temporary state of all the other types of information it can be seen as the storage component of the central executive

Question 25

Which component directs information of the slave systems?

Answer 25

Central executive

Question 26

What is the weapon focus effect?

Answer 26

Where a witness focuses their attention on the weapon being used in the crime this causes a state of anxiety which leads to difficulties in recalling other details accurately

Question 27

What is anxiety?

Answer 27

An unpleasant emotional stage where we fear that something bad is about to happen

Question 28

What is the eye witness testimony?

Answer 28

The evidence given in a court room or in a police investigation by someone who has witnessed a crime or an accident

Question 29

What is Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Answer 29

There isn’t a simple relationship between emotional arousal and accuracy. Accuracy is poor when arousal is too high or too low but better when it is moderate.

Question 30

What is the tunnel theory?

Answer 30

In stressful situations, our attention narrows to focus on one aspect of a situation; it is as if we have tunnel vision.

Question 31

What is the fight or flight response?

Answer 31

An automatic physiological reaction to an event that is perceived as stressful or frightening.

Question 32

Is episodic explicit or implicit?

Answer 32

Explicit

Question 33

What type of memory is episodic?

Answer 33

Personal experience

Question 34

What brain region is episodic?

Answer 34

Hippocampus

Question 35

Is semantic explicit or implicit?

Answer 35

Explicit

Question 36

What type of memory is semantic?

Answer 36

Knowledge and facts

Question 37

What brain region is semantic?

Answer 37

Temporal lobe

Question 38

Is procedural explicit or implicit?

Answer 38

Implicit

Question 39

What type of memory is procedural?

Answer 39

Performed tasks and skills

Question 40

What is the response bias explanation (conformity) ?

Answer 40

Word used doesn’t have long term influence on memory but does influence the kind of answer given (this can easily be linked to demand characteristics)

Question 41

What is the substitution explanation?

Answer 41

Wording of a question does effect eyewitness’s memory. It interferes with the orignal memory, distorting it’s accuracy.

Question 42

The cognitive interview technique: What is recall everything?

Answer 42

The interviewer encourages the witness to report all the details of the event, even the details which seem unimportant.

Question 43

The cognitive interview technique: What is context reinstatement?

Answer 43

This is when the interviewer encourages the witness to mentally recreate an image of the environment.

Question 44

The cognitive interview technique: What is reverse order?

Answer 44

When the eyewitness is asked to recall everything they saw in another sequence rather then chronological order.

Question 45

The cognitive interview technique: What is changed perspective?

Answer 45

This is where the witness is asked to mentally recreate the situation from another point of view.