memory, insight and judgement Flashcards
Ability to reproduce or recall what has been learned or retained through activities or experiences
memory
2 steps of memory
Encoding: “putting information into a filing cabinet”
Retrieval: “getting the information from the filing cabinet”
Facilitation of the ability to detect or identify a particular stimulus based on a specific recent experience
priming
Autobiographical memory responsible for storing a record of our past experiences
Episodic memory
Store of general, factual knowledge about the world, concepts, rules and language
Semantic memory
LTM that cannot be inspected consciously - “Knowing how”
procedural memory
“Knowing that”; supports the conscious recollection of facts and events, available to conscious recollection
Declarative memory
Inaccessible to awareness and is expressed only by engaging specific processing systems
Non-declarative memory
Active store to hold information being manipulated
Short-term memory
Like a computer screen, a kind of mental workspace where various operations are performed on current data
working memory
Storage memory, holds large amounts of information in fairly passive state for possible future retrieval
long term memory
Functions over period of seconds
Immediate memory
Applied to scale of minutes to days
Recent memory
Encompasses months to years
Remote memory
Partial or total inability to recall past experiences, may be organic or emotional in origin; affects declarative memory only
amnesia
loss of new learning ability that extends across all sensory modalities and stimulus domains
anterograde amnesia
loss of knowledge acquired before amnseia
Retrograde amnesia
Impaired ability to learn new information or the inability to recall previously learned information, as a result of which there is significant impairment in social or occupational functioning
Amnestic disorder
Disturbance of memory in which reality and fantasy are confused
paramnesia
false recognition
Fausse reconnaissance
memory becomes unintentionally (unconsciously) distorted by being filtered through the person’s emotional, cognitive, and experiential state
Retrospective falsification
unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagining experiences that have no basis in fact
Confabulation
illusion of visual recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded as repetition of previous experience
de ja vu
illusion that one is hearing one has heard previously
de ja entendu
condition in which a thought never entertained before is incorrectly regarded as a repetition of a previous thought
de ja pense
a person’s recollection and belief by the patient of an event that did not actually occur (emotional, physical, or sexual trauma that did not occur)
false memory
Exaggerated degree of retention and recall; can be elicited by hypnosis or certain prodigies, may also be a feature of OCD
Hypermnesia
Unusually vivid or exact mental image of objects previously seen or imagined
Eidetic imaging
consciously tolerable memory covering for painful memory
Screen memory
Unconscious forgetting of unacceptable ideas or impulses
Repression
Momentary forgetting of a name or a proper noun
Lethologica
Amnesia experienced by alcoholics about behaviour during drinking bouts
Blackout
Capacity for leaving and ability to recall, to integrate constructively and to apply what was learned
intelligence
IQ class
■ Mild: 50-70
■ Moderate: 35-50
■ Severe: 20-40
■ Profound: <20
significant limitations in both intellectual and functioning (reasoning, learning and problem solving) and in adaptive behaviour (conceptual, social and practical skills) that emerge before 18 y/o.
mental retardation or Intellectual disability
Global developmental delay
<5 y/o with severe defects
general impairment in intellectual functioning without clouding of consciousness; characterized by failing memory, difficulty with calculation, distractibility alterations in mood and affect, impaired judgement, reduced facility with language and disorientation
Dementia
clinical features of dementia but caused by organic condition
Pseudodementia
literal thinking
Concrete thinking
ability to grasp the essential of a whole, to break a whole into its parts, and to discern common properties.
Abstract thinking
5 levels of insight
complete denial of illness
slight awareness and needing help but denying
awareness of being sick but blaming it on others, external events, or medical or unknown organic factors.
Intellectual Insight - good understanding of illness; may be able to discuss illness in a clear and objective way but have not fully accepted their illness/motivated to change behaviour.
True emotional Insight - deep understanding of illness, impact on own, and other people’s lives; motivated to change and improve
deep understanding of illness and how it has shaped their personality and relationships; integrated into their sense of self and able to live a meaningful and fulfilling life
Personal Insight
essential component to good judgement
Analyze information, identify biases and assumptions, evaluate evidences and make sound decisions.
Critical thinking
ability to think logically and objectively without being swayed by emotions, biases or other factors that may cloud judgement.
Rational thinking
reflex performance of an action.
Automatic thinking
