Memory, Coding Capacity Duration Flashcards
1
Q
Define Coding
A
- format in which information is stored in various memory stores
2
Q
Coding Study?
A
- Baddeley (1966)
- 4 groups: acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar, semantically dissimilar words
- participants asked to recall immediately struggled with acoustically similar
- participants asked to recall 20 mins after struggled with semantically similar
- evidence LTM & STM are coded differently
3
Q
Strengths of the Studies?
A
- highly controlled: lab experiments with minimised extraneous variables, highly reliable, representative, generalisable
4
Q
Weaknesses of the Studies?
A
- demand characteristics: lab experiments, act in certain way to please experimenter, measures artificial behaviour, invalid, unrepresentative, ungeneralisable
- lacks mundane realism: lab setting, artificial situation, invalid, real setting would use names, dates, places…
5
Q
Define Capacity
A
- amount of information that can be held in a memory store
6
Q
Capacity Study?
A
- Jacobs (1887)
- measured STM with a digit span method
- gave participants 4 digit number to remember and increased number of digits until incorrect recall
- mean digit span was 9.3
- mean letter span was 7.3
7
Q
Define Duration
A
- length of time information can be held in memory
8
Q
Duration Study?
A
- STM: Peterson & Peterson (1959): 24 students, 8 trials, trigram, 3 digit number, count down from number to prevent rehearsal, told to stop after retention interval (3,6,9.. seconds) -> longer retention interval, decreased correct percentage -> STM has short duration
- LTM: Bahrick et al (1975): 392 participants, 17-74, photo recognition & free recall (names) in school -> 15 years after school, 90% accuracy in PR 60% in FR, 48 years after, 70% in PR, 30% -> LTM long duration