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computing > memory and storage > Flashcards

memory and storage Flashcards

1
Q

what is an example of primary storage

A

RAM/ROM

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2
Q

what is a characteristic of memory

A

volatile

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3
Q

what is a characteristic of storage

A

non-volatile

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4
Q

what does volatile mean

A

if something is volatile it loses all its data when it is switched off

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5
Q

how does a computer access data from secondary storage

A

secondary storage-primary storage-CPU

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6
Q

can the CPU directly access RAM

A

yes

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7
Q

what does RAM hold

A

data and instructions currently in use by the processor

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8
Q

what is the typical size of RAM

A

4-32GB

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9
Q

is RAM volatile

A

yes

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of RAM

A

SRAM and DRAM

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11
Q

is ROM volatile

A

no

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12
Q

why is ROM used

A

some programs and data need to be permanently stored in memory

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13
Q

how big are instructions on ROM chips

A

4-8MB

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14
Q

can you read and write to a ROM chip

A

no you can only read

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15
Q

what does ROM store

A

bootstrap loader

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16
Q

what does bootstrap loader do(2)

A

runs when computer turns on and it contains instructions to find and run the operating system

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17
Q

what is BIOS(2)

A

allows computer to run without secondary storage and allows control over basic technical configuration

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18
Q

what does EEPROM stand for

A

electrically erasable programmable read only memory

19
Q

what can EEPROM do

A

data can be erased and replaced electronically

20
Q

what are instructions on ROM called

A

firmware

21
Q

when does virtual memory occur

A

when we run out of RAM

22
Q

what is virtual memory used for

A

store extra programs not being used

23
Q

where is virtual memory held

A

hard disk/secondary storage

24
Q

what is an advantage of virtual memory

A

allows and increase to the amount of memory available for applications when RAM is full

25
Q

what is a disadvantage of virtual memory(2)

A

swapping takes time, secondary storage access speed slower then RAM

26
Q

what are the 3 types of secondary storage

A

flash memory, magnetic memory, optical memory

27
Q

what is an example of flash memory

A

SD card

28
Q

what is an example of magnetic memory

A

floppy disk

29
Q

what is an example of optical memory

A

DVD

30
Q

how does magnetic memory work

A

a disk contains tracks and sectors and disk heads mounted on mechanical arms read and write data

31
Q

what is an advantage of magnetic memory(2)

A

large storage capacity(1TB), fast response rate

32
Q

what is a disadvantage of magnetic memory(2)

A

not very durable, moving parts inside give a 4-5 year life span until it requires defragmentation

33
Q

how does optical storage work

A

data is stored in pits or lands burnt onto a special track and a laser goes over them and measures the level of reflection. from this 0s and 1s can be derived

34
Q

how does flash storage work

A

large charge is used to force electrons through a barrier and trap them on the other side

34
Q

what is an advantage of flash memory(5)

A

highly durable, no moving parts, very fast read and write times, silent, faster start up time, capacity(100GB-1TB)

35
Q

what is a disadvantage of flash memory(2)

A

more expensive, has a max number of rewrite times(10k-100k)

35
Q

what 6 factors effect choice

A

capacity, speed, portability, durability, reliability and cost

36
Q

what is capacity a measure of and what is it measured in

A

how much data is stored, TB/GB/MB

37
Q

what is speed a measure of and what is it measured in

A

rate at which devices can be read and written to, MB/s

38
Q

what is portability a measure of and what is it measured in

A

how easy is it to carry, Kg

38
Q

what is durability a measure of and what is it measured in

A

will it break easily, temperature, magnetic forces

39
Q

what is reliability a measure of and what is it measured in

A

how likely is the data to be lost, amount of rewrites

40
Q

what is cost a measure of and what is it measured in

A

how much money per bit of data, £ per bit

computing (3 decks)

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