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computing > cpu > Flashcards

cpu Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of a CPU(2)

A

processes data and executes instructions

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2
Q

what is processor speed measured in

A

hertz(Hz)

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3
Q

what is a typical speed for a processor

A

MHz-GHz

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4
Q

what is processor speed

A

how many instructions can be carried out per second

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5
Q

how many instructions does a 1 GHz processor execute in 1 second

A

1 billion

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6
Q

what are cores

A

cores are the part of the processor where commands are executed

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7
Q

what is the purpose of having a multicore PC

A

faster processing speed as each core can execute instructions independently

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8
Q

how do you figure out how many instructions a CPU executes per second

A

you multiply the processor speed by the number of cores

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9
Q

What are caches

A

Small amounts of memory on the processor

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10
Q

What is the cache an intermediary between

A

Main memory and the CPU

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11
Q

What does the cache hold

A

Commonly used instructions

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the PC

A

Stores the address of the next instruction

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the MAR

A

Store the address of the current instruction

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the MDR

A

Store the instruction that has been fetched from memory

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the CIR

A

Temporarily holds the instruction while the control unit decodes it.

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16
Q

What does the PC stand for

A

Program counter

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17
Q

What does the MAR stand for

A

Memory address register

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18
Q

What does the MDR stand for

A

Memory data register

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19
Q

What does the CIR stand for

A

Current instruction register

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20
Q

What does the ACC stand for

A

Accumulator

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21
Q

What does the ALU stand for

A

Arithmetic logic unit

22
Q

What does the ACC do

A

Holds the rest of the ALUs calculations

23
Q

What does the ALU do

A

Calculates all of the mathematical instructions and logic comparisons

24
Q

What does the control unit do

A

Synchronises all other units and decodes instructions

25
Q

What is the FDE

A

The FDE refers to one clock cycle from a single core

26
Q

How does the FDE cycle work

A

It starts with the PC holding the address for the next instruction. This address is then copied onto the MAR which tells the address bus where to point to. The data bus then goes to where the address bus points and gets the instruction/data. The address bus then gives it to the MDR which gives it to the CIR which gives it to the control unit which gives it to the ALU where it is calculated then using is given back to the control unit where it is decoded. The pc then tells the address bus where to point and the data bus goes and stores the decoded instruction where the address bus says.

27
Q

What are I/O controllers

A

They are user input/output controllers

28
Q

What do I/O controllers allow

A

An interface between a hardware device external to the motherboard and CPU

29
Q

What is an example of a device in I/O controller is used for

A

Keyboard

30
Q

What are embedded systems

A

Small computers that are part of a wider system

31
Q

What is the purpose of embedded systems

A

To allow the user to control and interact with the device

32
Q

What is the disadvantage of embedded systems

A

Only have a few limited tasks they can peform

33
Q

What is an example of an embedded system

A

Washing machine

34
Q

What does LAN stand for

A

Local area network

35
Q

what are LANs

A

computers that are connected together over small geographical areas that use their own infrastructure

36
Q

what is an example of a LAN

A

school network

37
Q

what does WAN stand for

A

wide area network

38
Q

what is a WAN

A

a network where computers are connected over large geographical areas that us other infrastructure like fibre optics and satellites

39
Q

what is an example of a WAN

A

the internet

40
Q

what is a peer to peer network(4)

A

all computers are equal, each device can be a client and a server, all devices can request and provide network services, no additional hardware needed

41
Q

what is a client server(3)

A

network relies on centralised server, all devices request services from the server, additional high end hardware is needed

42
Q

what are 6 characteristics of a peer to peer network

A

each computer can be backed up individually, all computers have the same network authority, storage facilities are distributed across all computers, great for small networks, individual security may need to be installed on each computer, appropriate for small numbers of computers in a low traffic environment

43
Q

what are 6 characteristics of a client server

A

can support 1000s of users, one controlling computer that oversees all actions, a central backing stored is available to all computers, centralised security, backups can be done centrally, useful if there are lots of computers an it will be a high traffic environment

44
Q

what is a NIC

A

a network interface card that allows a computer to connect to a network

45
Q

what does a switch do

A

routes packs of data around a network and decides where they go

46
Q

what is the server

A

the controlling computer

47
Q

what does the router do

A

accepts and directs packs of data between 2 networks

48
Q

what is bandwidth

A

the max rate of data transfer

49
Q

what is latency

A

the delay taken by one packet of data to be sent from one computer and received by another.

50
Q

what is the error rate

A

the number of errors/collisions on a network

51
Q

why should you use a network(5)

A

shared software, centralised backups, better security, shared devices, ability to login from different machines

computing (3 decks)

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