Memory and Storage 1.2 (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a bit

A

A single binary digit

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2
Q

Dividing and multiplying in binary

A

Multi: Shift to left shift to right is divi
Divi: Shift to right

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3
Q

State hexadecimal terms

A

0-9 A-F

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4
Q

Why doesn’t hex go past 9

A

Because it won’t store one digit

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5
Q

Define Character set

A

Group of characters that a computer recognises from their binary representation

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6
Q

Why do programmers often prefer hex when coding ( 3 marks)

A

Easier to remember large numbers in hex as it is shorter than binary numbers
Because hex numbers are shorter there’s less chance of input errors
Its easier to convert between binary and hex than binary and denary

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7
Q

Each ASCII character is given a ..
this means it can..

A

7 bit binary code
represent a total of 128 characters

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8
Q

What is added to the start of the binary code for each ASCII character and why

A

an extra bit to fit nicely into 1 bit

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9
Q

What does Unicode try to do?
And what binary codes does it use

A

Cover every possible character that might be written
Uses 16 and 32 bit binary codes

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10
Q

What is the benefit of using Unicode

A

Covers all major languages

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11
Q

What is the most commonly used image format in a computer and how are pixels arranged

A

Bitmap, pixels arranged in a grid

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12
Q

How is colour of each pixel represented

A

binary code

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13
Q

How many bits does a black and white image use and coloured image use

A

1 bit - 0 white 1 black
2 bit - 00, 01,10,11

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14
Q

Define colour depth

A

The number of bits used for each pixel

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15
Q

What is resolution

A

The number of pixels in a certain section of a bitmap image and is usually measured in dpi

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16
Q

Equation for file size

A

File size = sample rate x bit depth x length (seconds)

17
Q

What are sampling intervals

A

The gaps between where an analogue recording is sampled

18
Q

What is bit rate

A

Number of bits that are available for each sample

19
Q

Two things that Metadata can store

A

Time of photograph
Where image was taken

20
Q

Pros cons lossy and examples

A

pros : Takes up less bandwidth so can be downloaded and streamed more quickly
Commonly used - lots of software can read lossy files
Cons Can’t be used on text or software files
Can’t turn back to original
MP3
AAC
JPEG

21
Q

Pros cons lossless and examples

A

Pros : data only removed temporarily no reduction in quality
lossless files can be decompressed and turn back to original
Can be used on text and software files
Cons : file size is not reduced greatly
FLAAC
TIFF PNG