Memory and Neurodegeneration

Question 1

Where is ACH made and why is it important in memory/dementia?

Answer 1

Basal forebrain

They are the first nucleii to die in Alzheimers and are needed for memory

Question 2

What are the three types of memory?

Answer 2

Short term - sensory processing

Working memory - Where memory is held

Long term - the laying down of memories

Question 3

What are the two types of functional memory?

Answer 3

Declarative - The memory of things

Non declaritive - the memory of skills

Question 4

Where are declaritive memories held?

Answer 4

Medial temporal lobe, hypothalamus, thalamus

Question 5

Where are non declaritive memories held?

Answer 5

Striatum, cerebellum

Question 6

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 6

Forget everything before a certain point

Question 7

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 7

Can’t form new declarative memories

Question 8

What is transient global amnesia?

Answer 8

Transient loss of old and new memories

eg after banging head playing football

Question 9

What part of the brain do long term memories live in?

Answer 9

Mamillary bodies (hypothalamus)

Medial temporal lobe

Question 10

What part of the brain is involved in processing memories?

Answer 10

Medial temporal lobe (hippocampus and rhinal cortices)

Question 11

What is Korsakoff (Wernickes) syndrome?

Answer 11

Common in chronic alcoholics - no thiamine (b12) absorption so damage to mammillary bodies and medial thalamus

Cant make new memories or remember old ones

Retrograde and anteriograde amnesia

Question 12

What parts of the brain are responsible for cognition and receiving sensory information?

Answer 12

Cortices of brain - not the PMC or PSS

Question 13

What is the role of the occipital cortical region?

Answer 13

Visual recognition

Question 14

What is the role of the parietal cortical region?

What happens in damage?

Answer 14

Where is it?

Can’t tell where something is eg hemineglect, draw half a clock face

Question 15

What is the role of the temporal cortical region?

What happens in damage?

Answer 15

What is it?

Agnosia - No Knowledge

Visual agnosia - patient can see but not identify

Movement agnosia - cant tell if something is moving or not

Prospagnosia - cant recognise faces

Question 16

What is the role of the frontal cortical region?

What happens in damage?

Answer 16

What should i do about it?

Anything to do with personality changes

eg emotinal, impulsive, fixated, aphasia (Brocas)

Question 17

What is aphasia and what are the two types?

Answer 17

Speech disorder - recognising and speaking words is impaired

Wernickes Aphasia - Brodman Area where parietal and temporal meet

Brocas Aphasia

Question 18

What is Brocas aphasia?

Answer 18

Can understand words but can no construct their own - disorganised grammar and syntax, disorganised structure

Frontal lobe

Question 19

What is Wernickes aphasia?

Answer 19

Can’t understand language

Fluent speech that doesnt make sense

PARIETAL LOBE

Question 20

What is the Papez circuit involved in?

Answer 20

Controlling emotional expression

Question 21

What is apraxia?

Answer 21

Parietal lobe lesion where there is difficulty in carrying out motor tasks when asked to.

Linked to aphasia

DIFFERENT TO ATAXIA

Question 22

What part of the brain is key for short term memory?

Answer 22

Cortices (sensation of an event)