Memory And Learning Flashcards
Medial temporal lobe deficits
From lesion, inability to consolidate info into long term memory
Right hippocampal- deficits in special memory
Left hippocampal- def in memory of words objects and people
Surrounding cortices- defi in memory storage for object recognition.
Circuit of papez
Involved in integrating short term declarative memory into long term memory
First region to be affected by Alzheimer’s
The entorhinal
Leads to deficits of short term declarative mem
Krosikov
Thiamine deficiency
Effects hippocamp causes loss of short and long term declarative mem.
Consolidation process of memory
Sensitive to processes that damage the hippo like anoxia
Associative learning
Two types classical and operant
Classical conditioning
Learning a relationship between two stimuli
Like when a mouse is conditioned to expect pain when it hears a bell
Fear conditioning- amygdala
Eye blink conditioning- cerebellum
Operant conditioning
Behavior related conditioning
Like addictive behavior or aversion to food with nausea.
Involves the nucleus accumbens
Non associative learning
Involves sensitization and habituation.
Increase and decrease respectively to repeated harmful and harmless stimuli respectively.
Procedural memory
Involves striatum in association of sensory and motor cortical information and mediated habit and skills.
Also involves the cerebellum for sensory motor adaptations like vestibulo ocular adaptation.
Dorsal striatum in procedural learning
Required for learning skilled movement sequences
Basil ganglia damage
As in Parkinson’s, and huntingtons result in inability to learn motor skills
Damage to the amygdala
Pts fail to develope fear conditioning
Cerebellar damage
Pts don’t have some types of conditioned learning such as eye blink reflex.
Immediate memory
Ability to hold ongoing experiences in mind for fractions of seconds enables us to be alert and responsive in an environment.
Requires visual, tactile and verbal inputs.
Working memory
Aka short term memory
Ability to hold information in mind for mor than a few minutes
Cortical areas of working memory
Some of working memory is contributed by the hippocampus while more complex tasks of working memory are associates with prefrontal and neocortical areas in particular problem solving and behavioral planning
Long term memory distribution
Broadly distributed, only diffuse damage or overstimulation can have appreciable effects on LT mem.
Semantic knowledge
Factual knowledge stored in the neocortex diffuse
Deficits lead to agnosia
Episodic knowledge
Knowledge about time and place involved in prefrontal cortex
Damage associated with forgetting how information was acquired.
Association
Important to infancy memory storage
Particularly if the association is perceived as significant
Important for declarative and some non declarative aspects.
Priming
Transfer of memory from short to long term.
Exposure to a stimulus influences subsequent exposures to the same stimulus.
Habituation
Aka synaptic depression
Caused by decrease in strength of synaptic connections between sensory and or excitatory interneurons and motor neurons in a reflex
Also a decrease in neurotransmitter vesicles available for release.
Sensitization
Post titanic potentiation and
presynaptically modulated mechanism
