Languahe And Higher Cognitive Function Flashcards
Prosody
Is the melodic inflections of the voice and is primarily a function of the right side
Damage might inhibit parsody without aphasia
Wada procedure
A method of determining the dominant side of some bodies brain.
Expressive aphasia
Associated with brocas area 44/45
Impaired production of speech and repetition with intact auditory comprehension.
May be accompanied by agraphia and hemiparesis ad upper motor neuron signs like facial weakness.
Receptive aphasia
Impaired auditory comprehension, naming and repetition
Involves fluent speech with paraphasia and neologism
Unable to understand
Unable to read, write comprehensible language
Less aware of their deficit than expressive
Other deficits that accompany wernikes aphasia
Deeper lesion of the Meyers loop could cause contra lateral homomynous hemianopia or quadrantanopia
Conduction aphasia
Defined by impaired naming and repetition with intact comprehension, with fluent paraphrasing speach
Caused by interruption of connection between wernikes and Broca’s areas called accurate fasciculus
Damage might include supra marginal gyrus
Global aphasia
All major functions of language are impaired
Extensive damage to the perisylvian area (posterior frontal, superior temporal, inferior anterior and posterior perpetual lobes)
Transcortical aphasia
Damage anterior to brocas are or post to wernikes area
Repetition is intact or relatively intact.
Trans cortical motor aphasia
Resembles brocas aphasia but ability to repeat verbatim is impaired.
Produces non fluent, effortful speach
Comprehension is preserved
Trans cortical sensory aphasia
Resembles wernikes aphasia but verbatim repitition is spared
Caused by damage to the angular gyrus.
Fluent speach with verging degrees of comprehension deficits.
Anomic aphasia
Inability to name
Most often a lesion of inferotemporal or anterior temporal regions
Verb retrieval- left premotor prefrontal region
Noun retrieval- left anterior and inferior temporal regions
Proper nouns
Left temporal plar region BA 38
Common nouns
Infratemporal region posterior part and middle part
With animals toward the anterior portion of the Infratemporal region
And tools in the posterior Infratemporal region
All on the left side
Alexia and agraphia
Inability to read and write respectively
If these are found together are associated with lesion of the dominant angular gyrus and to a small degree may involve aphasia but it is also absent sometimes
Alexia without agraphia
Writing is normal but pt cannot read
Associated with lesion ofleft visual cortex and selenium of the corpus callosum
Right hemianopia may be present though reading deficit isn’t due to visual field deficit.
Lesions of the middle temporal cortex
Associated with appreciating motion or moving edges, objects moving in visual field and the body moving in space
Magnocellular stream
Individuals cannot appreciate the motion of objects like a car will be far away then all of a sudden close
Geniculostriate lesions
Pt will lose consciousness of sight but be able to demonstrate the perception of movements and changes in light
Called blind sight
Parvocellular pathways
Inferior temporal lobe contains neurons that respond to images of faces
So this fnxns in recognition of faces.
Lesion results in prosopagnosia-inability to recognize faces
Lesion do v4 of parvocellular pathway
Leads to cerebral achromatopsia
Associated with visual defects
Pt describe the world as drab in shades of grey.
Balint syndrome
Triad of
Optic apraxia- inability to voluntarily guide eye movements
Optic ataxia- poor visually guided movements eg pointing
Simultagnosia- can’t perceive visual field as a whole
Caused by lesion of parieto-occipital jnxn
