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Psychology 104 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Images “lingering” in sensory memory for a very brief amount of time.

A

Iconic memory

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2
Q

What kind of memory is hearing?

A

Echoic

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3
Q

Sensory Memory is located primarily in which part of the brain?

A

pre-frontal cortex

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4
Q

What mainly causes a memory to stick

A

rehearsal

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5
Q

____ is a mental device that helps you associate pieces of information

A

mnemonics

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6
Q

3 stages of memory

A

encoding, storage, retrieval

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7
Q

encoding is ____

A

translating information into neural codes

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8
Q

encoding failure occurs when ____

A

you are distracted/multitasking

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9
Q

chunking

A

tie a bunch of objects together to form one whole object, technically store more in short term this way.

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10
Q

maintenance rehearsal - shallow processing

A

repeat repeat repeat

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11
Q

elaborative rehearsal - deep processing

A

repeat repeat but making connections and meanings at the same time

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12
Q

which 2 ways is memory studied?

A

physiologically and cognitively

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13
Q

Who “founded” iconic memory

A

Sperling (1960)

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14
Q

what is the “golden number” for how many pieces of information can be stored in short term memory?

A
  1. (although 5-9 is accurate as well)
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15
Q

Which method has better recall ability? Whole Report or Partial Report?

A

Partial Report. (it allows people to report back in chunks which is easier)

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16
Q

A time frame of 1 second ____ capacity of memory and is known as the ____ _____?

A

HALVES. Decay Effect (sperling)

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17
Q

There is a vast amount of information stored in

A

Short-Term/Working Memory

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18
Q

What is the most effective way to remember information?

A

Rehearsal/Repetition

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19
Q

encoding

A

Short-term memory input

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20
Q

What is a schema?

A

A way to organize information

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21
Q

Memory illusion

A

False memory, but appears very “true” to our mind

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22
Q

Reconstructive vs reproductive of our memory?

A

Memory is more reconstructive than reproductive

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23
Q

context-dependant study

A

Do the exam where you study for it, fellas. Real psychological tip.

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24
Q

which part of brain involves memory?

A

Hippocampus and amyglada

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25
Q

retroactive interference

A

new memory influences old ones

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26
Q

What are the 4 types of encoding methods?

A

Motor Encoding, Visual Encoding, Semantic Encoding, Phonological Encoding

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27
Q

chunking

A

tie a bunch of objects together to form a one whole project, technically store more in short term this way.

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28
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

repeat repeat repeat

29
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

repeat repeat but making connections and meanings at the same time

30
Q

primary and recency effect

A

First things and last things in the list tend to be remembered longer

31
Q

multiple connections of different cues and nodes is referred to as a(n) ____ ____

A

Associative Network

32
Q

What is the directional flow of memory into long-term memory?

A

Sensory Inputs-Sensory Registers-Short Term Memory (circulates here)-Long Term Memory

33
Q

To remember a day in your past moment by moment and all the details involved is a form of ____ ____

A

Episodic Memory (its like watching an episode of a show, but you’re the main character)

34
Q

von Restoff effect

A

Imagine a list of names, suddenly one looks longer than all the others. We will remember that longer name

35
Q

what processes certain information and pairs it into the LT memory for retrieval?

A

working/short term memory

36
Q

What stores memory for a long period of time?

A

long-term memory

37
Q

Bat rhymes with Hat can be both a(n) _____ and/or a(n) _____ ____ method

A

retrieval cue and phonological coding method.

38
Q

What is chunking?

A

piecing information into meaningful groups from a long list (ex asgjkf = as gj kf)

39
Q

What is a phonological loop?

A

repeating something over and over again aloud

40
Q

What is an episodic buffer?

A

the combination of visual memory, phonological looping and the use of long-term memory recall. It is a temporary storage space. (brings you back to a moment in which you may remember the sounds hears and the sights seen… such as walking through your school cafeteria)

41
Q

_____ records, stores and retrieves information

A

memory

42
Q

multiple connections of different cues and nodes is referred to as a(n) ____ ____

A

Associative Network

43
Q

explicit memory

A

U need some effort to deal with these.

44
Q

implicit memory

A

Not that much effort is needed. I barely think at all when riding my bike

45
Q

semantic memory

A

an explicit subtype. memory abt everyone else and the world

46
Q

episodic memory

A

also explicit. memory abt self

47
Q

priming

A

implicit memory. ur brain automatically suggests the context based on previous similar memory. Think of how CPU works effectively

48
Q

encoding

A

Short-term memory input

49
Q

an internal or external stimulus that aid in recall is a ___ ____ (often given when something is at the tip-of-your-tongue)

A

retrieval cue

50
Q

To remember a day in your past moment by moment and all the details involved is a form of ____ ____

A

Episodic Memory (its like watching an episode of a show, but you’re the main character)

51
Q

mnemonic

A

Some techniques use to remember something.

for example, soh cah toa

52
Q

Retrieval memory

A

RRR. Recall. Recognition. Relearning

53
Q

tip-of-the-tongue

A

Sometimes, I dont think i know English anymore. A memory cue will help just fine

54
Q

context-dependant study

A

Do the exam where you study for it, people. Real psychological tip.

55
Q

Making lists and taking notes is an example of ____ ____

A

effortful processing

56
Q

When you can recall a section in your notes, where it was on the page and what color the writing was, you experienced ____ _____

A

automatic processing (you didn’t consciously remember this information but your brain did and stored it without meaning)

57
Q

What is structural coding?

A

it uses encoding and memorization to associate someones face to their name

58
Q

Bat rhymes with Hat can be both a(n) _____ and/or a(n) _____ ____ method

A

retrieval cue and phonological coding method.

59
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

Who am I? Where am I?

60
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

I know who I am but can’t remember what happened today.

61
Q

suggestive memory techiques

A

Suggest patients to recall memory that might or might not be true

62
Q

misinformation effect

A

providing misleading information abt an event, making the patient thinks that they have the memory

63
Q

which theory is used when verbal codes and non verbal codes are used to store memory?

A

dual-coding theory

64
Q

when you can vividly recall an image it is known as _____ memory

A

flashbulb

65
Q

students who have a high need for ____ often enter prestigious career paths

A

achievement

66
Q

____ are feelings that involve a pattern of cognitive, behaviour and physiological reactions to events

A

emotions

67
Q

what emotions have more adaptive functions?

A

fear, excitement, joy

68
Q

the term cognitive ____ refers to inerpretations and meanings that we attach to stimuli

A

appraisal

69
Q

approach-avoidance is being _____?

A

attracted to and repelled by the SAME GOAL. Getting a test to get an a but repelling it in fear of failure

Psychology 104 (3 decks)

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