memory

Question 1

prospective and retrospective memory

Answer 1

prospective - remembering something has to be done
retrospective - remembering previously learnt facts

prospective does involve RM

Question 2

5 stages of prospective memory

Answer 2

5 stages

• encoding
• retention interval
• performance window time and place encoded in memory to do the thing
• intention execution
• monitoring outputs/deactivating completed intentions

Question 3

hippocampus

Answer 3

encoding storing and retrieving

WM into LTM

Question 4

Rostral prefrontal cortex Brodman’s area 10

Answer 4

exec functioning planning attention working memory

Question 5

types of retrieval

Answer 5

spontaneous retrieval (amygdala and hippocampus context retrieval) versus strategic monitoring (PFC)

we probably use a combo of things for most things

ADHD problem with strategic monitoring

Question 6

habit capture

Answer 6

“habit capture” - if something distracts us the routine can be broken and we don’t go back to check, we get caught in our habits and go to the wrong place

Question 7

memory aids

Answer 7

reduces cognitive load
diary phone asking others

using paired cues

minimize multitasking and distractions

we retrieve in breaks in unfilled times, in transitory times

moving between locations activates spatial memory cues

strengthen the memory trace - implementation intentions

when i am x i will remember to y verbalize and visualize

have learning intentions, deliberate encoding strategies

use all of our senses verbalize it visualize it auditory somatosensory all the things at once (Japanese train drivers reducing accidents with hand and sound)

deactivating - webster pack, ticking off checklist, putting thing cue away, external reminders good for people with cognitive impairments

Question 8

people traits diseases and PM

Answer 8

conscientious people better neurotic perform better on tasks but worse in self reported memory (maybe notice more maybe anxiety causing mem problems)
actually extroversion makes more memory failures

alsheimers and brain injury underestimate how much they forget whereas we usually overestimate how much we forget

adhd hippocampul volume and PFC retreival processes impaired

Question 9

super memory
techniques;

p o l

p o a

c

n a e

p

a

s a a

c/s

Answer 9

you can memorize a deck of cards

principle of association;
hearts - family members
diamonds - rich celebs
spades - singers
clubs - sports 

chunking - groups of 3 (18 chunks),

principle of locai/memory palace = spatial location, each chunk of 3 is in a different room of the house

novelty and emotional story creation for each chunk

and practice, makes it quicker

acronyms

scaffolding and association

chainign and association (stories)

Question 10

flashbulb memories

Answer 10

specific emotive event, do you remember where and when you where - bad memories

Question 11

biopsychology of eyewitness memory

Answer 11

mice shock chamber

chamber b safe chamber, optogenetics showed conditioned fear pathway still switched on in chamber b

showing memory stored in engrams generally not specifically

An engram is a unit of cognitive information inside the brain, theorized to be the means by which memories are stored as biophysical or biochemical changes in the brain (and other neural tissue) in response to external stimuli.