Memory Flashcards
What are the two subsystems in sensory memory?
iconic store and echoic store
What is the capacity of short term memory?
7+- 2 seconds
What are memory codes?
Mental representations of info/stimuli
What are the four components of Baddeley’s memory chart?
Phonological loop, Episodic buffer, Visuospatial sketchpad === Central Executive
What does the phonological loop represent?
Mental representation of sounds (Spoken words, Letters)
What does the episodic buffer represent?
Temporary storage space for information
What does the visuospatial sketchpad represent?
Mental representations of visual and spacial information
What are the two parts of long term memory?
Explicit (Declarative) and implicit (non-declarative)
What are the long term memory components of Explicit memory?
Episodic and semantic memory
What are the long term memory components of Implicit memory?
Procedural, conditioning, and priming
What is the serial position effect?
The recency effect; last words rehearsed still in Working Memory
What is the primacy effect;
First words rehearsed into memory, no space for middle words.
Are memory systems distinct? What did patient H.M do?
Yes. Patient H.M had to copy a star from the refection of a mirror, over three days his performance got dramatically worse.
What are the three parts of Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s model?
Receive info– Sensory memory (1 second), Working memory (7+- 2 seconds), Long term memory
What occurs in working memory in Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s model?
Working memory includes rehearsal and attention encoding and includes encoding retrieval.
What does the semantic network do?
Spreading activation of related concepts. One concepts primes another.
What are the three levels of processing
Visual (Structural), Acoustic (Phonemic), and Meaning (semantic)
Thinking if a word fits in a sentence structurally is what type of processing?
Semantic - Deepest level of processing
What is “Chunking” in encoding memory?
Combining information to reduce number of units
What are Mnemonics in encoding memory?
Mnemonics are acronyms like BEDMAS. Uses letters as cues for information
Why are Mnemonics so effective?
Logical hierarchy enhances understanding. Can include visual and semantic encoding such as images
What is the method of loci?
Visualizing walking around a room and structurally using images to remember info - cues
What is the dual coding theory?
Using more than one code to encode information – Using visual and semantic to encode.
What is distinctiveness in retrieval?
Distinctive items, events, words.. are easier to recall
What is context-dependent recall?
Recalling information is easier in the same environment
What is state-dependent memory?
Being in the same state, such as drunk or highhhhh, makes recalling easier
What is mood-congruent recall?
When in a positive mood, you are more likely to recall positive memories
What are flashbulb memories?
Specific autobiographical memories when shocking event happens
What is a schema?
Mental representations of what we expect from a certain event
What is Barlett’s theory of reconstructive memory?
Memory is a reconstruction and interpretation of the past. Conforms to what we already know/believe
What are the three parts of memory failures in forgetting?
Transience, blocking, and absentmindedness
What are the three parts of memory failures in distortion?
Misattribution, suggestibility, and bias
What is the displacement theory?
Once working memory is full, new info pushes old info out and it is lost.
What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve show?
recent events are easiest to remember but rate of forgetting is highest right after learning it
What does retroactive mean? Proactive?
Retroactive is new info interferes with old knowledge; proactive is old info interferes with recall of new info
