Memory

Question 1

What are the two subsystems in sensory memory?

Answer 1

iconic store and echoic store

Question 2

What is the capacity of short term memory?

Answer 2

7+- 2 seconds

Question 3

What are memory codes?

Answer 3

Mental representations of info/stimuli

Question 4

What are the four components of Baddeley’s memory chart?

Answer 4

Phonological loop, Episodic buffer, Visuospatial sketchpad === Central Executive

Question 5

What does the phonological loop represent?

Answer 5

Mental representation of sounds (Spoken words, Letters)

Question 6

What does the episodic buffer represent?

Answer 6

Temporary storage space for information

Question 7

What does the visuospatial sketchpad represent?

Answer 7

Mental representations of visual and spacial information

Question 8

What are the two parts of long term memory?

Answer 8

Explicit (Declarative) and implicit (non-declarative)

Question 9

What are the long term memory components of Explicit memory?

Answer 9

Episodic and semantic memory

Question 10

What are the long term memory components of Implicit memory?

Answer 10

Procedural, conditioning, and priming

Question 11

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 11

The recency effect; last words rehearsed still in Working Memory

Question 12

What is the primacy effect;

Answer 12

First words rehearsed into memory, no space for middle words.

Question 13

Are memory systems distinct? What did patient H.M do?

Answer 13

Yes. Patient H.M had to copy a star from the refection of a mirror, over three days his performance got dramatically worse.

Question 14

What are the three parts of Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s model?

Answer 14

Receive info– Sensory memory (1 second), Working memory (7+- 2 seconds), Long term memory

Question 15

What occurs in working memory in Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s model?

Answer 15

Working memory includes rehearsal and attention encoding and includes encoding retrieval.

Question 16

What does the semantic network do?

Answer 16

Spreading activation of related concepts. One concepts primes another.

Question 17

What are the three levels of processing

Answer 17

Visual (Structural), Acoustic (Phonemic), and Meaning (semantic)

Question 18

Thinking if a word fits in a sentence structurally is what type of processing?

Answer 18

Semantic - Deepest level of processing

Question 19

What is “Chunking” in encoding memory?

Answer 19

Combining information to reduce number of units

Question 20

What are Mnemonics in encoding memory?

Answer 20

Mnemonics are acronyms like BEDMAS. Uses letters as cues for information

Question 21

Why are Mnemonics so effective?

Answer 21

Logical hierarchy enhances understanding. Can include visual and semantic encoding such as images

Question 22

What is the method of loci?

Answer 22

Visualizing walking around a room and structurally using images to remember info - cues

Question 23

What is the dual coding theory?

Answer 23

Using more than one code to encode information – Using visual and semantic to encode.

Question 24

What is distinctiveness in retrieval?

Answer 24

Distinctive items, events, words.. are easier to recall

Question 25

What is context-dependent recall?

Answer 25

Recalling information is easier in the same environment

Question 26

What is state-dependent memory?

Answer 26

Being in the same state, such as drunk or highhhhh, makes recalling easier

Question 27

What is mood-congruent recall?

Answer 27

When in a positive mood, you are more likely to recall positive memories

Question 28

What are flashbulb memories?

Answer 28

Specific autobiographical memories when shocking event happens

Question 29

What is a schema?

Answer 29

Mental representations of what we expect from a certain event

Question 30

What is Barlett’s theory of reconstructive memory?

Answer 30

Memory is a reconstruction and interpretation of the past. Conforms to what we already know/believe

Question 31

What are the three parts of memory failures in forgetting?

Answer 31

Transience, blocking, and absentmindedness

Question 32

What are the three parts of memory failures in distortion?

Answer 32

Misattribution, suggestibility, and bias

Question 33

What is the displacement theory?

Answer 33

Once working memory is full, new info pushes old info out and it is lost.

Question 34

What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve show?

Answer 34

recent events are easiest to remember but rate of forgetting is highest right after learning it

Question 35

What does retroactive mean? Proactive?

Answer 35

Retroactive is new info interferes with old knowledge; proactive is old info interferes with recall of new info