MEMORY

Question 1

Outline and evaluate the multistore model of memory A01

Answer 1

1. Atkinson and shriffrin proposed a structural model for memory
2. three stores
   - sensory register
   -STM
   -LTM
   3.sensory register
   -duration 1/4-1/2 a second
   -capacity all sensory experience
   -coding sense specific
3. STM
   -duration 18-30 seconds
   - capacity +/- 2
   - coding acoustic
4. LTM
   -duration unlimited
   -capacity unlimited
   coding semantic

Question 2

Outline and evaluate the multistore model of memory A03

Answer 2

1. PETERSON AND PETERSON DURATION
   2 the magic number 7+/-
2. low ecological validity
3. over simplified - WMM

Question 3

Outline and evaluate the working memory model a01

Answer 3

1. Baddeley and Hitch proposed that STM is a active store with subsystems
2. Central executive
   - master
   -oversees other slave systems and allocates info to relevant store
3. phonological loop (auditory info)
   phonological store inner ear
   auditory loop inner voice rehearsal of info
4. visuospatial sketchpad
   deals with visual and spatial /nagivation info
5. episodic buffer (2000) binds all info together and sends to LTM

Question 4

working memory model a03

Answer 4

1. KF Study ( damage to verbal info but visual memory still intact)]
2. Dual task studies
3. Little evidence for existence for central executive
4. episodic buffer in 2000 so still could be more info

Question 5

describe and evaluate types of LTM ao1

Answer 5

1. procedural ltm explicit
   - how you do things
   - don’t have to consciously recall
2. episodic implicit
   -memories of events
   3.semantic implicit
   meaning, knowledge

Question 6

describe and evaluate types of LTM A03

Answer 6

1. Tulving
2. Clive Wearing - suffered brain damage
   couldn’t learn new LTM memories
   could remember procedural and semantic memories of wife but couldn’t remember his memories with his wife
3. fMRI different parts of brain active when different LTM types used
   for example episodic is associated with hippocampus and other parts of the temporal lobe

Question 7

DISCUSS EXPLANATIONS FOR FORGETTING A01

Answer 7

A01 inability to recall info forgetting definition
1. interference theory
-proactive
-retroactive
2. retrieval failure 
context cues
state cues

Question 8

DISCUSS EXPLANATIONS FOR FORGETTING A03

Answer 8

1. baddeley & hitch rugby players
2. deep scuba divers
3. Goodwin drunk studies

Question 9

discuss the use of the cognitive interview as a means of improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony A01

Answer 9

1. mental reinstatement
2. recall everything
3. change in order
4. change person

Question 10

discuss the use of the cognitive interview as a means of improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony A03

Answer 10

1. difficulting establishing effectiveness
   - thames valley police only use two of the techniques not all
2. time consuming
3. quantity over quality

Question 11

DISCUSS RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECTS OF MISLEADING INFO ON THE ACCURACY OF EWT A01

Answer 11

Loftus and palmer

Question 12

DISCUSS RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECTS OF MISLEADING INFO ON THE ACCURACY OF EWT A03

Answer 12

1. real world application

Question 13

Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of EWT a01

Answer 13

1. positive effect
2. negative effect
3. resolving contradiction
4. weapon focus

Question 14

Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of EWT a03

Answer 14

1. real life studies
   - christianson and hubinette
   - johnson and Scott
2. Contradiction between the two BUT Yernes Dodson effect resolves contradiction
3. individual differences ( emotional sensitivity)
4. weapon focus eyemovment physically drawn to weapon