Memory Flashcards
Long term memory includes:
- Explicit conscious
- Implicit unconscious
- Emotional conscious and unconscious
Short term memory includes:
Sensory, motor, cognitive
What is amnesia?
The partial or total loss of memory
Structures that were removed during surgery for HM included:
Structures in the medial temporal lobe
HM surgery confirmed the existence of what?
Memory and memory systems
What is infantile amnesia?
Loss of memory for the early years of life
What is fugue state?
Form of memory loss where individuals have no knowledge of their former identity
What is transient global amnesia?
Sudden onset and short course, loss of old memories and inability to form new memories
What is electroconvulsive therapy?
Can produce a transient amnesia similar to transient global amnesia
What is Antero grade amnesia?
Inability to acquire new memories
It is a retro grade amnesia?
Inability to remember old memories
Time-dependent retrograde amnesia:
Severity of injury determines how far back in time the amnesia extends
What are the theories of retro grade amnesia?
- Consolidation theory
- Multiple trace Theory
- Reconsolidation theory
Consolidation theory accounts for the preservation of:
Old memories, as more damage occurs however the more old memories will be lost
What is multiple trace theory?
Three kinds of memory each dependent on a different brain area: auto biographical memory, factual semantic memory, general semantic memory
What is autobiographical memory? (hippo campus)
Subject can describe his or her personal involvement at a particular time and place
What is factual semantic memory? (adjacent Temporel lobe structures)
Subject can recall who is the president or which actor is in a specific movie
What is general semantic memory? (Other areas like cortex)
Memory for knowledge like language that is unrelated to contextual cues
Older memories are more – – – to amnesia because they change location in the brain as they are recalled
Resistant
What is reconsolidation theory?
A memory reenters a labile phase when it is re-called and is then restored as a new memory, results in many different traces for the same event
What is implicit memory? (Aka non-declarative memory)
Unconscious, nonintentional memory i.e. ability to use language to ride a bike play a sport
What is explicit memory?
Conscious, intentional remembering of fact based Symantec memories example 2+2 = 4 and personal or episodic memories like what you did last night
What is emotional memory?
Arousing, vivid, and available on prompting
What is episodic autobiographical memory?
Singular event that a person recalls
What is semantic memory? (Declarative memory)
Knowledge about the world example knowledge that is not autobio graphical in nature
What parts of the brain are active in and coding and storing of explicit memory?
Medial Temporel lobe and hippo campus
Early damage to the hippocampus leads to the inability to remember?:
Familiar surroundings or where objects are located, appointments or events not oriented to time and date, daily activities
However one can remember actual knowledge, read write and speak
Studies of hippocampal patients demonstrate for conclusions:
Antero grade deficits are more severe, episodic memories are more affected than semantic memories, autobiographical memory is especially affected, patients cannot time travel to the past or future
Removal of the right temporal cortex leads to deficits in:
Face recognition, spatial position, maze learning
Removal of the left temporal cortex leads to deficits in:
Recall of word lists, recall of consonant trigrams, non-spatial associations, and on the hebb recurring digits test
Lesions of the right temporal lobe appear to result in?
Impaired memory of nonverbal material
Lesions of the right temporal lobe appear to result in?
Impaired memory of nonverbal material
Lesions of the left Temporel lobe appear to have little effect on?
The nonverbal test but produce deficits on verbal test
Herpes simplex encephalitis:
What leads to Antero grade amnesia?
Medial Temporel lobe damage
herpes simplex and cephalitis –
What contributes to retro grade amnesia:
Damage to the insulin and medial frontal cortex
I’ll Psimer’s disease begins with cellular changes in the – – – and Antero grade amnesia
Medial temporal cortex
In Alzheimer’s disease later damage to the Temporel association areas and frontal cortical areas is related to what?
Retro grade amnesia
Korsakoff syndrome is caused by a thiamine vitamin B1 deficiency and is characterized by:
Antero grade and retrograde amnesia, con fabulation, Meager content in conversation, lack of insight and apathy
Where is the damage done in Korsakoff syndrome?
Medial Thalamus and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus as well as presence of general cerebral atrophy
Where do we think implicit memory is based?
In the sensory mortor system
•basal ganglia
•motor cortex
•cerebellum
Cerebellum plays a role in what?
Cerebellum
*Lesions to the cerebellum abolish conditioned responding to a puff of air to the eye
What is your conditioning?
Noxious stimulus is associated with a neutral stimulus, A fear response elicited, the few responses mediated by the amygdala
*damage to the amygdala disrupts emotional memory, but not implicit or explicit memory
