Memory

Question 1

Long term memory includes:

Answer 1

• Explicit conscious
• Implicit unconscious
• Emotional conscious and unconscious

Question 2

Short term memory includes:

Answer 2

Sensory, motor, cognitive

Question 3

What is amnesia?

Answer 3

The partial or total loss of memory

Question 4

Structures that were removed during surgery for HM included:

Answer 4

Structures in the medial temporal lobe

Question 5

HM surgery confirmed the existence of what?

Answer 5

Memory and memory systems

Question 6

What is infantile amnesia?

Answer 6

Loss of memory for the early years of life

Question 7

What is fugue state?

Answer 7

Form of memory loss where individuals have no knowledge of their former identity

Question 8

What is transient global amnesia?

Answer 8

Sudden onset and short course, loss of old memories and inability to form new memories

Question 9

What is electroconvulsive therapy?

Answer 9

Can produce a transient amnesia similar to transient global amnesia

Question 10

What is Antero grade amnesia?

Answer 10

Inability to acquire new memories

Question 11

It is a retro grade amnesia?

Answer 11

Inability to remember old memories

Question 12

Time-dependent retrograde amnesia:

Answer 12

Severity of injury determines how far back in time the amnesia extends

Question 13

What are the theories of retro grade amnesia?

Answer 13

1. Consolidation theory
2. Multiple trace Theory
3. Reconsolidation theory

Question 14

Consolidation theory accounts for the preservation of:

Answer 14

Old memories, as more damage occurs however the more old memories will be lost

Question 15

What is multiple trace theory?

Answer 15

Three kinds of memory each dependent on a different brain area: auto biographical memory, factual semantic memory, general semantic memory

Question 16

What is autobiographical memory? (hippo campus)

Answer 16

Subject can describe his or her personal involvement at a particular time and place

Question 17

What is factual semantic memory? (adjacent Temporel lobe structures)

Answer 17

Subject can recall who is the president or which actor is in a specific movie

Question 18

What is general semantic memory? (Other areas like cortex)

Answer 18

Memory for knowledge like language that is unrelated to contextual cues

Question 19

Older memories are more – – – to amnesia because they change location in the brain as they are recalled

Answer 19

Resistant

Question 20

What is reconsolidation theory?

Answer 20

A memory reenters a labile phase when it is re-called and is then restored as a new memory, results in many different traces for the same event

Question 21

What is implicit memory? (Aka non-declarative memory)

Answer 21

Unconscious, nonintentional memory i.e. ability to use language to ride a bike play a sport

Question 22

What is explicit memory?

Answer 22

Conscious, intentional remembering of fact based Symantec memories example 2+2 = 4 and personal or episodic memories like what you did last night

Question 23

What is emotional memory?

Answer 23

Arousing, vivid, and available on prompting

Question 24

What is episodic autobiographical memory?

Answer 24

Singular event that a person recalls

Question 25

What is semantic memory? (Declarative memory)

Answer 25

Knowledge about the world example knowledge that is not autobio graphical in nature

Question 26

What parts of the brain are active in and coding and storing of explicit memory?

Answer 26

Medial Temporel lobe and hippo campus

Question 27

Early damage to the hippocampus leads to the inability to remember?:

Answer 27

Familiar surroundings or where objects are located, appointments or events not oriented to time and date, daily activities

However one can remember actual knowledge, read write and speak

Question 28

Studies of hippocampal patients demonstrate for conclusions:

Answer 28

Antero grade deficits are more severe, episodic memories are more affected than semantic memories, autobiographical memory is especially affected, patients cannot time travel to the past or future

Question 29

Removal of the right temporal cortex leads to deficits in:

Answer 29

Face recognition, spatial position, maze learning

Question 30

Removal of the left temporal cortex leads to deficits in:

Answer 30

Recall of word lists, recall of consonant trigrams, non-spatial associations, and on the hebb recurring digits test

Question 31

Lesions of the right temporal lobe appear to result in?

Answer 31

Impaired memory of nonverbal material

Question 32

Lesions of the right temporal lobe appear to result in?

Answer 32

Impaired memory of nonverbal material

Question 33

Lesions of the left Temporel lobe appear to have little effect on?

Answer 33

The nonverbal test but produce deficits on verbal test

Question 34

Herpes simplex encephalitis:

What leads to Antero grade amnesia?

Answer 34

Medial Temporel lobe damage

Question 35

herpes simplex and cephalitis –

What contributes to retro grade amnesia:

Answer 35

Damage to the insulin and medial frontal cortex

Question 36

I’ll Psimer’s disease begins with cellular changes in the – – – and Antero grade amnesia

Answer 36

Medial temporal cortex

Question 37

In Alzheimer’s disease later damage to the Temporel association areas and frontal cortical areas is related to what?

Answer 37

Retro grade amnesia

Question 38

Korsakoff syndrome is caused by a thiamine vitamin B1 deficiency and is characterized by:

Answer 38

Antero grade and retrograde amnesia, con fabulation, Meager content in conversation, lack of insight and apathy

Question 39

Where is the damage done in Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 39

Medial Thalamus and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus as well as presence of general cerebral atrophy

Question 40

Where do we think implicit memory is based?

Answer 40

In the sensory mortor system
•basal ganglia
•motor cortex
•cerebellum

Question 41

Cerebellum plays a role in what?

Answer 41

Cerebellum

*Lesions to the cerebellum abolish conditioned responding to a puff of air to the eye

Question 42

What is your conditioning?

Answer 42

Noxious stimulus is associated with a neutral stimulus, A fear response elicited, the few responses mediated by the amygdala

*damage to the amygdala disrupts emotional memory, but not implicit or explicit memory