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BioPsych > Drugs & Psychopharm > Flashcards

Drugs & Psychopharm Flashcards

1
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes and endothelial cells around the capillaries in the brain make up the BBB and cause these capillaries to be different than capillaries in the rest of the body

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2
Q

Psycho active drugs

A

Drugs that influence subjective experience and behavior by acting on the nervous system

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3
Q

Drug administration

A

Root of administration influences the rate at which and the degree to which the drug reaches its site of action

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4
Q

Ingestion

A

Oral route, easy and safe, Absorption be a digestive tract is unpredictable

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5
Q

Injection

A

Bypasses digestive tract

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6
Q

Injection – bypasses the digestive tract: subcutaneously

A

Under the skin

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7
Q

Injection – bypasses digestive tract: intramuscularly

A

Into large muscles

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8
Q

Injection – bypasses the digestive tract: intravenously

A

Into things; drug delivered directly to brain

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9
Q

Inhalation: tobacco and marijuana

A

Absorbed through capillaries in lungs

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10
Q

Absorption through mucous membranes

A

Nose, mouth, and rectum

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11
Q

Injecting a drug directly into the brain allows it to act quickly in – – – doses because there are no barriers

A

Low

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12
Q

Taking drugs Orally is the – –, – –, And most – – way to administer them

A

Safest, easiest and most convenient way

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13
Q

Drugs that are – – acids pass from the – into the bloodstream

A

Weak, stomach

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14
Q

Drugs that are week – – pass from the – to the bloodstream

A

Bases, intestines

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15
Q

Drugs injected into – – encounter more barriers than do drugs inhaled

A

Muscle

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16
Q

Drugs inhaled into the lungs encounter – barriers en route to the brain

A

Few

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17
Q

Drugs injectedinto the bloodstream encounter the – – barriers to the brain must be – –

A

Fewest, hydrophilic

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18
Q

Drugs contained in adhesive patches are absorbed through the – – and into the bloodstream

A

Skin

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19
Q

In order for a psychoactive drug to have an effect it must get to the – –; it must pass through the – –

A

Brain, blood brain barrier

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20
Q

Actions of most to drugs are terminated by enzymes in the - –: drug metabolism

A

Liver

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21
Q

For a drug to have the biggest effect on the brain when ingested by mouth, it must have certain chemical properties. It’s molecules should be:

A 
Small in size 
Weekly acidic
Water-soluble
Potent in small amounts 
Not easily degraded
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22
Q

Drug tolerance shift in the dose response curve too – –

A

Curved to right

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23
Q

Cross tolerance:

A

Exposure to one drug can produce tolerance to similar drugs

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24
Q

InVerse tolerance:

A

Repeated use of some drugs can suddenly cause increased sensitivity to it, as the brain anticipates and enhances it’s effects.

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25
Q

Drug sensitization:

A

Increased effect of drug following repeated doses – the opposite of drug tolerance

26
Q

Metabolic

A

Less drug is getting to the site of action

27
Q

Functional:

A

Decreased responsiveness at the site of action you were receptors, decreased efficiency of binding at receptors, receptors less responsive

28
Q

With drawl symptoms are the – of the drugs effects

A

Opposite

29
Q

Contingent drug tolerance:

A

Tolerance only develops to drug effects that are experienced

30
Q

Conditioned drug tolerance:

A

Maximum tolerance effects are seen in the environment in which a drug is usually taken

31
Q

Conditioned withdrawal effects:

A

Withdrawl elicited by drug related cues

32
Q

Alex are more likely to overdose know your surroundings: true or false?

A

True

33
Q

Five commonly abused drugs:

A

Tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opiates

34
Q

Tobacco is major psychoactive ingredient is:

A

Nicotine

35
Q

About – – percent of those who experiment with smoking become addicted

A

70%

36
Q

Me about 20% of attempts to quit are successful: true or false

A

True

37
Q

Smokers are susceptible to lung disorders:

A

Pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer

38
Q

Alcohol heritability estimate for alcohol addiction is about 50%: true or false

A

True

39
Q

Alcohol – and – tolerance develops

A

Metabolic, functional

40
Q

Severe withdrawal of alcohol in three phases: 5–6 hours after quitting drinking:

A

Tremors, nausea, sweating, vomiting, etc.

41
Q

15 to 30 hours after quitting drinking:

A

Convolusive activity

42
Q

24 to 48 hours after quitting drinking:

A

Delirium tremens; this me last 3 to 4 days

43
Q

Korsakoff syndrome:

A

Chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine vitamin B – 1 (alcohol)

44
Q

Confabulation:

A

Production of fabricated, distorted or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world without the conscious intention to deceive

45
Q

Cirrhosis:

A

Chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells information and fibrous thickening of tissue (alcohol)

46
Q

Marijuana – THC pill:

A

Marinol

47
Q

Cocaine binges or sprees me lead to cocaine psychosis – looks like:

A

Paranoid schizophrenia

48
Q

Treatment for heroin addiction is methadone it binds to:

A

Opiate receptors – produces less pleasure, administered orally, prevents withdrawal

49
Q

– – And – – are associated with the greatest negative impact on public health

A

Alcohol and tobacco

50
Q

Physical dependence hypothesis:

A

Suggest that habitual users experience psychological or physiological withdrawal symptoms and take the drug to eat alleviate them

51
Q

Hedonic hypothesis:

A

Suggest that drug use continues because it produces pleasure

52
Q

Incentive – sensitization theory:

A

Addiction is acquired through condition learning

53
Q

Condition learning stage one, two, three:

A

Stage one – activation of pleasure due to taking drugs, stage two – through classical conditioning, stage III – contextual cues become highly desirable themselves and are sought after like incentives

54
Q

Brain circuitry

A

Exists that reinforces behaviors, drug use may be reinforced by this circuity ***rat pressing a lever

55
Q

The two pathways that are the reward system in dopamine are:

A

Nigrostriatal pathway and Mesocorticolimbic pathway

56
Q

Mesocorticolimbic pathway:

A

Major reward pathway natural rewards, and addictive drugs

57
Q

Condition place preference:

A

Lab animals choose to spend more time in cage compartments where drugs were administered than anywhere else

58
Q

The nucleus accumbens appear to play a primary role in:

A

Dopamine, self stimulation studies

59
Q

Initial drug taking:

A

Not everyone given access to a drug will consume it, and those who do will never take the drug more than once

60
Q

Habitual drug taking:

A

Drug taking may become a matter of wanting rather than liking- incentive versus hedonic value

61
Q

Drug craving and Addiction relapse:

A

Craving for many drugs increases over a period of abstinence

BioPsych (3 decks)

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