Memory

Question 1

What are the 3 main parts of memory

Answer 1

Sensory memory

Short term memory

Long term memory

Question 2

Short term memory

Answer 2

Encoding process

Miller 1956 7+-2 (capacity) chunking

Peterson&peterson (duration) maintenance rehearsal (15-30)

Question 3

Long term memory

Answer 3

Baddeley LTM remembers meaning and STM remembers sounds

Capacity is unlimited
Duration is permanent
Encoding is declarative (semantic or episodic) and or procedural

Question 4

Multi-store model Akinson&Shiffin

Answer 4

Sensory store

Memory store (STM)

Long term memory

Question 5

What is memory?

Answer 5

A cognitive process or a way of retaining and storing information

Question 6

Define encoding

Answer 6

The process by which information is extracted from a stimulus to form a memory trace.

Question 7

Storage

Answer 7

The process of keeping memory for retrieval for different periods of time

Question 8

Retrieval

Answer 8

Remembering ( accessing and recovering) information by bringing it from the memory stores ( from LTM to STM)

Question 9

Iconic memory

Answer 9

A sensory memory store specialised for holding visual information for about half a second

Question 10

Echoic memory

Answer 10

A sensory memory store specialised in holding sounds for up to 3 seconds

Question 11

Episodic

Answer 11

A type of LTM
A memory store system proposed by tulving which stores our memories of personal experiences and events.
Autobiograpal- memories which specific life events or personal meaning
Declarative memory- knowing that and requires recall is detailed and vivid memory stored after one that lives a last time after a live changing event

Question 12

Semantic

Answer 12

Type of LTM
A LTM for general knowledge about the world including the rules of language and the meaning of words
Declarative memory and is knowing that and requires conscious recall

Question 13

Procedural

Answer 13

Motor based LTM
Knowing how to do something that would be difficult to express verbally
At first requires thought consciously but then we do it subconsciously after a while

Question 14

Multi-store model Murdock effects

Answer 14

Primary effect - beginning set of words remembered in LTM
Asymptote - the capacity of short term is limited new information pushes out old before giving a chance to rehearse
Recency effect- the words at the end of the list remembered in STM

Question 15

Glanzer and cunitz 1966

Answer 15

Participants asked to recall a list of words and one group had a distracter task

Control group showed both recency and primary effect and the distracter task showed only primary effect. Showing the distracter task took up the limited capacity of the STM the first few words were stored in the LTM

Question 16

Clive wearing

Answer 16

Supports MSM

Since his viral infection he cant remember his wife (symantic) but can still play he piano (procedural)

Question 17

Baddeley and hitch 1974 WMM

Answer 17

That bit of memory you use when you are working.

Agrees with Atkinson and shiffrins MSM

Question 18

Central executive WMM

Answer 18

Drives the system 
Decides how attention is directed 
Allocates the resources 
Has no storage capacity 
Has limited capacity so cannot attend to many things at once

Question 19

Episodic buffer WMM

Answer 19

General storage space for both acoustic and visual information
It integrates information dorm the central executive, phonological loop, visual sketch pad and LTM
has limited capacity
Added in 2000s

Question 20

Phonological loop WMM

Answer 20

Deals with auditory information and the order of information Baddeley 1986 divided it into the auditory store (inner eye which holds for a couple seconds) the articulatory control process used to rehearse verbal information from the phonological store
Memory trace in the auditory store decay in 1.5-2 seconds but can be maintained by articulatory control process

Question 21

Visuo- Spatial Sketchpad WMM

Answer 21

Holds visual (what things look like) and spatial (relationships between things) information for a very short time 
You use it when you are planning a spatial task, example going from college home

Question 22

Paulesu et al 1993

Answer 22

Supports working memory model

Participants asked to either memories a series of letters or Rehearse sounds and a PET scan was used
Each produced blood flow in different areas (brocas area for sound)

Question 23

KF 1970s

Answer 23

Had brain damage to his left occipital lobe ( pictured right) STM was damaged but LTM normal he remembers words better if presented visually as apposed to phonologically

Supports WMM

Question 24

Evaluation of WMM

Answer 24

Hitch and Baddeley found by performing two tasks at a time the same component of WMM suffers
When two tasks performed involve two different parts of the WMM the task performance didn’t suffer
Episodic buffer has not been investigated fully and its functions remain unclear

Question 25

Structural level

Answer 25

Appearance- which is when we encode only the physical qualities of something

Question 26

Phonetic or phonological level

Answer 26

Which is when we encode it’s sound

Question 27

Semantic level of processing

Answer 27

Word association- which happens when we encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words and similar meanings