Memory

Question 0

Main models of memory

Answer 0

Multi store memory model
Working memory theory
Levels of processing model
Constructivist model

Question 1

What is memory

Answer 1

Mental capacity to store and later recall events that have previously happened
ACTIVE mental state that recieves, encodes, modifies and retrieves info

Question 2

Multi store memory model

Answer 2

Stimuli> sensory info> short term mem> long term mem

Stays in SI for less than half a second
Rehersal buffer- keep bouncing between SI and STM (repeating a number).
Inbetween SI and STM it is trying to be mapped onto existing memories

Question 3

Passing from Short term to long term

Answer 3

If the new info maps onto existing memories then neuronal networks already set up around experience therefore will pass to LTM easily.
LTM can be enhanced with aide

Question 4

Short term memory

Answer 4

Capacity of 7 chunks of info plus/minus 2
Only can chunk info together when familiar w first part
Lasts seconds to minutes
Acoustic code/engram - repeat out loud
Frontal and parietal lobe activity

Question 5

Long term memory

Answer 5

Much greater capacity
Similar meaning info lost
Hippocampus essential for consolidatiion
Sleep is essential for consolidation and 7 days for emotional processing - amygdala

Question 6

Working memory theory

Answer 6

Phonological loop<>central executive<>visuospatial sketchpad

Keep in active rehersal buffer between SIS and STM

Question 7

Phonological loop

Answer 7

Loop between phonological store and articulatory process

Works by silently repeating words

Question 8

Visuospatial sketch pad

Answer 8

Stores visual and spatial information. Engaged when performing spatial tasks (distance) and visaual ones

Question 9

Types of memory

Answer 9

Procedural

Declarative

Question 10

Procedural memory

Answer 10

How things are done, acquird by practice and observation

Question 11

Declarative memory

Answer 11

Conscious effort of explicit info

• semantic: meaning of words and concepts
• episodic: autobiographical events

Question 12

Recall

Answer 12

Reproducing info to which you have alrady been rxposed
Easy
Not cue dependant

Question 13

Recongition

Answer 13

Realising stimulus is one you have seen before
Cue dependant
Incomplete recall

Question 14

Levels of processing model

Answer 14

Superficial vs deep processing
Deep- learners that join up information to form schemas (actively reconstruct what they remember, not just repetition of task)

Question 15

Implicit memory

Answer 15

Non concious form of learning that comes from experience. You are unanware
Improves performance on tasks

Question 16

Explicit memory

Answer 16

Concious process of remembering

Question 17

4 tests showing improved memory

Answer 17

• organisation (cards in more groups)
• distinctiveness (in funny voice)
• effort (recall difficult info as put in effort to learn)
• elaboration (hard info)

Question 18

Constructivist model

Answer 18

People who perform memory task actively reconstruct what they remember (not just repeat what learnt)
Memories stored in several interconnected units in network. Strength of unit increases as learning function with more connections
Challenges MSM

Question 19

Theories of forgetting

Answer 19

• Decay of trace ‘engram’ (natural over time)
• interference (new info in, old out. However we can remember things from long time ago)
• motivated forgetting (mental escape route)
• superficial processing (didnt actively try and remember at time, lack of context and cues. But 1st day of school?)

Question 20

Improving memory

Answer 20

Use all senss and aides (mneumonics)
SQ4R
Survery, question, read, reflect, recite, reciew