Memory Flashcards
Main models of memory
Multi store memory model
Working memory theory
Levels of processing model
Constructivist model
What is memory
Mental capacity to store and later recall events that have previously happened
ACTIVE mental state that recieves, encodes, modifies and retrieves info
Multi store memory model
Stimuli> sensory info> short term mem> long term mem
Stays in SI for less than half a second
Rehersal buffer- keep bouncing between SI and STM (repeating a number).
Inbetween SI and STM it is trying to be mapped onto existing memories
Passing from Short term to long term
If the new info maps onto existing memories then neuronal networks already set up around experience therefore will pass to LTM easily.
LTM can be enhanced with aide
Short term memory
Capacity of 7 chunks of info plus/minus 2
Only can chunk info together when familiar w first part
Lasts seconds to minutes
Acoustic code/engram - repeat out loud
Frontal and parietal lobe activity
Long term memory
Much greater capacity
Similar meaning info lost
Hippocampus essential for consolidatiion
Sleep is essential for consolidation and 7 days for emotional processing - amygdala
Working memory theory
Phonological loop<>central executive<>visuospatial sketchpad
Keep in active rehersal buffer between SIS and STM
Phonological loop
Loop between phonological store and articulatory process
Works by silently repeating words
Visuospatial sketch pad
Stores visual and spatial information. Engaged when performing spatial tasks (distance) and visaual ones
Types of memory
Procedural
Declarative
Procedural memory
How things are done, acquird by practice and observation
Declarative memory
Conscious effort of explicit info
- semantic: meaning of words and concepts
- episodic: autobiographical events
Recall
Reproducing info to which you have alrady been rxposed
Easy
Not cue dependant
Recongition
Realising stimulus is one you have seen before
Cue dependant
Incomplete recall
Levels of processing model
Superficial vs deep processing
Deep- learners that join up information to form schemas (actively reconstruct what they remember, not just repetition of task)
Implicit memory
Non concious form of learning that comes from experience. You are unanware
Improves performance on tasks
Explicit memory
Concious process of remembering
4 tests showing improved memory
- organisation (cards in more groups)
- distinctiveness (in funny voice)
- effort (recall difficult info as put in effort to learn)
- elaboration (hard info)
Constructivist model
People who perform memory task actively reconstruct what they remember (not just repeat what learnt)
Memories stored in several interconnected units in network. Strength of unit increases as learning function with more connections
Challenges MSM
Theories of forgetting
- Decay of trace ‘engram’ (natural over time)
- interference (new info in, old out. However we can remember things from long time ago)
- motivated forgetting (mental escape route)
- superficial processing (didnt actively try and remember at time, lack of context and cues. But 1st day of school?)
Improving memory
Use all senss and aides (mneumonics)
SQ4R
Survery, question, read, reflect, recite, reciew
