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Psychology PSYA1 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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0
Q

Describe the multi-storey model of memory

A

The first box is the sensory memory where information is taken in by the senses which is then passed into the STM which requires rehearsal to get the information into the ltm so it can be retrieved for a later date

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1
Q

Define memory

A

A mental process or set of process that result in the registering storing and retrieving of information

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2
Q

Define capacity

A

Capacity is the amount of information that can be held.

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3
Q

Define duration

A

How long can the information be held for

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4
Q

Define encoding

A

How the information is stored eg acoustically visually etc

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5
Q

Explain then differences between the capacity encoding and durations of the LTM and the STM

A

Capacity of STM - 7+or-2 items
Encoding - acoustic eg how it sounds
Duration - 30 seconds

Capacity of the LTM - is unlimited
Encoding - semantically it’s meaning
Duration - unlimited

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6
Q

What was the aim of Peterson and Peterson

A

To test how long STM lasts when rehearsal is prevented

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7
Q

What was Peterson and petersons procedure

A

Ps briefly shown a consistent trio gram
Ps were asked to count backwards from a random number in 3s to prevent rehearsal. After intervals of 3 up to 18 seconds ps were asked to recall the trigram the procedure was repeated several times

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8
Q

Name the 4 stores of the working memory model

A

The central executive
The episodic buffer
The phonological loop
The Visuo spatial sketch pad

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9
Q

What is the central executive

A

Is the main part of the working memory model that controls all of the the other slave systems and decides which slave system to give information to

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10
Q

What is the episodic buffer

A

Temporary storage system that allows information from the slave systems to be combined with information from the LTM

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11
Q

What is the phonological loop

A

Comprises the
Articulatory control system for verbal rehearsal the inner voice and
The phonological store for acoustically coded items the inner ear

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12
Q

What Is the Visuo spatial sketch pad

A

Storage for the spatial and Visual informations the inner eye

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13
Q

Define eyewitness testimony

A

An account of an event given usually in count of something that, that person has witnessed.

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14
Q

Why might eye witness testimony be inaccurate

A

Anxiety age leading questions weapon focus

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15
Q

Give some strengths of the multistore memory model

A

Suggests that there are separate memory sections.

Emphasis on rehearsal is good

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16
Q

Give some weaknesses of the multistore memory model

A

It says that to get to the LTM You have to go through the STM
Simplistic

17
Q

List and briefly describe research that has investigated misleading information on EWT

A

Loftus and palmer
45 students were shown films of traffic accidents afterwards asked to estimate the speed of the car when it - “hit collided smashed bumbed contacted”

18
Q

List and briefly describe a research that has investigated the effect of anxiety on EWT

A

Peters - studies people at the local health clinic for an injection. The people met a nurse who have them the injection and a researcher for an equal period of time. People identified the researcher With more ease

19
Q

Describe the features of cognitive interview

A

Report everything - include every single detail of the event. Aim to increase accuracy of recall

Mental reinstatement of original context - mentally recreate the environment from the original incident. Aim is as for no1

Changing the order - reversing the order etc in which the events occur to increase recall

Changing the perspective recall the incident from multiple perspective eg imagining how it would have appeared to other witnesses present at the time. Aim is same as no3

20
Q

List and briefly describe research that has looked into cognitive interview

A

Geiselman - tested the effectiveness of the cognitive interview technique by comparing it with standard police interviews. 89 students were shown police training videos. Then were interviewed 48 hours later by police officers using standard interview procedures or cognitive interview. The measured the number of correct answers given and the incorrect. And the made up answers given

21
Q

Describe a visual image strategy

A

Method of loci - putting certain objects onto or into certain points in a room that is easily visualised. With things that need to be done eg check bank account on the coffee table.

22
Q

Describe and organisational strategy

A

Categories - people who find a common theme words that links remain items together such as Labrador beagle boxer are all dogs

23
Q

Describe a verbal strategy

A

Acrostics - taking the acronym and attaching words to make a story or phrase.

Acronyms - take all important words & put them into a sequence of letters such as wwf or RSPCA or sport

24
Q

How does method of loci improve memory and why ?

A

By seeing the room clearly your able to use these locations as reminders for for tasks.

25
Q

How and why does categories improve memory

A

It helps because it uses semantic processing which puts in formation into LTM and means more cognitive effort is made

26
Q

How and why do acrostics improve memory

A

Acts as a cue and the story helps to acts allowing the rest of the information

27
Q

How and why do acronyms improve memory

A

It acts as a cue for the rest of the information to follow through

28
Q

What are some strengths of Peterson and Peterson

A

Lab so can control extraneous variables

Really clever to have rehearsal prevention way of controlling rehearsal

29
Q

What are some strengths of the working memory model

A

It’s shows that there are different parts to STM shown by k.f and amnesiac with normal STM for visual but not for auditory.

It can also explain why some people are good at one type of memory but not the other

30
Q

What are some weaknesses of the working memory model

A

Doesn’t actually explain how the central executive works. No research into it

Doesn’t look at the long term memory much only the STM

31
Q

List and describe research into the working memory model

A

Hitch and baddely
Conducted a lab experiment that demonstrated that performance was
Slower when participants were given a task involving both the central executive and a second task involving a both the central executive and the articulatory loop than articulatory suppression task is evidence of the articulatory loop along or no extra task

32
Q

Gives some strengths of the research into the working memory model

A

Hitch and baddely was a lab experiment
Means good control of extraneous variables.
Good cause it showed and had the desired outcome to the prediction.
Clever way of comparing different slave system tasks

33
Q

Give some weaknesses of research into the working memory model

A

Hitch and baddely lab experiment
Low external validity
The individual differences between the participants would of had an affect on how good they were at the tasks given

34
Q

Give some strengths of research into misleading information

A

Loftus and palmer
Lab experiment so high internal validity
Good range of words used to get a good range of results/speeds

35
Q

Give weakness of research into misleading information on EWT

A

Loftus and palmer
Low external validity due to lab experiment
People’s individual attention span to the video could affect what they saw in he video causing higher or lower results

36
Q

Give some strengths of research into anxiety on EWT

A

Peters
Field experiment
High external validity
Desired outcome supported the hypothesis

37
Q

Give some weaknesses of research into anxiety on EWT

A

Peters
Low internal validity due to field experiment
Doesn’t account for individuals differences of the researcher / nurse either could of been attractive for opposite sex affecting results

38
Q

Give some strengths of research into cognitive interview

A

Geiselman
Lab experiment
High internal
The outcome supported the hypothesis

39
Q

Give some weaknesses of research into cognitive interview

A

Low external validity

Individual differences could of had an effect on the outcome.

Psychology PSYA1 (3 decks)

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