'Memory' Flashcards
recency effect
more likely to remember the last few words on a list
- can be prevented through less rehearsal time + longer list
primacy effect
more likely to remember the first few words on a list
- presenting slower, with more rehersal time
the results of a free recall procedure with recency + primacy produces..
U-shaped curve [serial position] likelihood of words being recalled
iconic memory
stored in sensory memory, people can remember large capacity, for a short period of time
working memory is _____, while long-term is more _______.
fluid / dynamic
crystallized - frozen
working memory capacity
how much working memory you can control, sustain, and keep from distraction
working memory capacity is measured in terms of…
operation span: the measure of when memory is working ‘read sentences’
shallow processing
engaging with material in a superficial way (was the word green or red)
deep processing
requires some thought about what the word “means” (does this word fit into this sentence)
memory can be just as good when you…
provide the materials in the right way
infantile amnesia
we don’t have much language before 4, so it is hard to label things without language
Autobiographical memory recall
ask a 50 year old to tell you memories from their life [see how old they are in each story- what they remember]
reminiscence bump (17-21)
a novelty in life during that period (you remember a lot)
- constant change
context dependent memory
what matters is not the physical context but the psychological context ‘triggers’
context renstatment
recreating the thoughts and feelings of the learning episode even if you are in a different place
declarative- explicit [conscious] memory
episodic: info about personal experiences
semantic: our knowledge on the world
non-declarative - implicit (unconcious) memory
procedural: muscle memory
priming: info that comes to mind automatically
explicit contamination
trying to complete a implicit test, but just because we tell them not to memorize purse, doesn’t mean they won’t
how to combat explicit contamination?
process association procedure: [complete stem using words not in encoding list] - they do not remember
flashbulb memories
people believe we hold greater confidence and vividness for traumatic events [911]
why is flashbulb affect not true?
you are talking about where you were on 911, there is more opportunity for your memory to become ‘colour blind’ from reports of other people - details become confused
Anterograde Amensia
the inability to form new, lasting memory traces
Retrograde Amnesia:
the inability to remember events that occurred prior
persevered implicit memories
they cannot explicitly tell you about those new memories [HM- PINS]
