Memory Flashcards
Types of Memory Systems [General, 2]
- Long Term Memory
- Short Term Memory / Working Memory
Types of LTM [2]
- Declarative (Explicit) = Effortful, conscious recall
- Non-declarative (Implicit) = Automatic and unconscious recall
STM / WM
- Found in prefrontal cortex
- Holds and processes information in the here and now
- relates different concepts and makes sense of info you gain over time
Types of Declarative LT Memory
- Episodic
- Semantic
Episodic Memory
Personal episodes in time and space
Semantic Memory
Facts, meaning, general knowledge about the world
Types of Non-declarative LT memory
- Procedural
- Priming and perceptual learning
- Simple classical conditioning
- Non-associative learning
Procedural Memory
Skills and habits
Priming and perceptual learning
“Don’t think of a white elephant”
Simple classical conditioning
Pavlov
–> Connecting 2 external stimuli to a reaction
Non-associative Learning
Operant learning, reward and punishment, habitualization and desensitization
–> Stimulus and behavior not connected
Brain location of episodic and facts
Midtemporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala
Brain location of emotional activation and conditioning
Amygdala
Brain location of working memory
Prefrontal cortex
Brain location of actions and skills
Striatum
Brain location of posture and learned motor skills
Cerebellum, Basal ganglia
Concept Cells
Cells that are very selective and loyal to a single concept and general meaning
- higher level processing
- found in medial temporal lobe
- also called jennifer anniston cells
Functions of LTM
(2)
- Make sure that info is stored correctly
- Make sure that that info is accessible
Process of processing info into LTM
- Encoding into STM
- Consolidation
- Encoding into LTM
- Retrieval
DYNAMIC CYCLE
Encoding into STM
- Active process
- Relies on attention, engagement, emotion, context and activation of prior knowledge
Consolidation
- Through neuroplasticity
- During sleep and breaks
Encoding into LTM
- Inactive
- Stores memory
Retrieval
- Brings back info from LTM into WM momentarily
- Encodes and consolidates again, so it may change slightly
- May make memory more inaccurate but more solid in ur brain system
Storage of memories
- Stored throughout the brain
- So even if a structure is destroyed memories can likely survive
- Over time, LTM stabilizes due to complexity distributio and connectivity amongst cortical regions
System Consolidation Definition
The process by which memories are reorganized as time passes
–> Makes memories more durable but also may be reshaped
Ways to Enhance Memory [9]
- Attention
- Integration
- Retrieval
- Spaced learning
- Emotional engagement
- Multi-model encoding
- Sleep and breaks
- Active learning
- context and environment
Semantic Networks
- Interconnected web of concepts
- Begin in temporal lobe but consolidate throughout cortex
Conceptual Integration
- New info integrated into existing knowledge structures
- Encodes new info and revives old info
Semantic-Episodic Interaction
- General knowledge (SEM) provides the framework to construct episodic memories
- While episodic memories provide context for learning new semantic info
What type of autobiographical thinking is semantic memory related to and why?
- Both memories of the past and hopes for the future are involved
- due to survival, motivation, learning from the past
- and creating a sense of continuity of self
