Memory Flashcards
Recall
to bring a memory back into ones mind
Storage
where information is held and kept in the memory after it has been encoded
Retrieval
recovering info from storage
Encoding
Encoding is the process by which an environmental cue (stimulus) is interpreted by one of the five senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste)
Acoustic coding
focusing on what the information sounds like
Semantic coding
focusing on what the information means
Visual coding
focusing on what information looks like
Episodic memory
Unique memories which are
concerned with personal
experiences or events e.g.
a holiday
Procedural memory
Our memory for carrying out complex skills.
E.g. bike riding They are stored using motor code rather than verbal
Semantic Memory
Memories for facts and general
knowledge.
e.g. Knowing the capital city of a country
Long term
Mainly semantic
Capacity - Unlimited
Duration - Unlimited
Recognition
Retrieving information whilst being
given options to choose from, for example multiple choice questions
Free Recall
Retrieving information without any
cues or options
Cued recall
Retrieving information whilst being given a cue to recall the information
such as ‘it begins with…’
False Memories
Remembering something that has never happened
Interference
Things that take place between learning and recall can affect the accuracy of memory
Proactive Interference
when information we have already learnt hinders our ability to recall new info
Retroactive Interference
when information we have recently learnt hinders our ability to recall info we have learnt previously
effort after meaning
making sense of something unfamiliar after it has happened
The Multi-Store Model of Memory
Says that there is more than one
memory store.
short term memory
duration of 15-30 seconds
long term memory
If information is rehearsed then it will pass to long-term memory where it will be stored for a very long time/forever
