Memory

Question 1

Recall

Answer 1

to bring a memory back into ones mind

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

holding info in memory

Question 3

Retrieval

Answer 3

recovering info from storage

Question 4

Encoding

Answer 4

changing info so that it can be stored

Question 5

Acoustic coding

Answer 5

focusing on what the information sounds like

Question 6

Semantic coding

Answer 6

focusing on what the information means

Question 7

Visual coding

Answer 7

focusing on what information looks like

Question 8

Episodic memory

Answer 8

Unique memories which are
concerned with personal
experiences or events e.g.
a holiday

Question 9

Procedural memory

Answer 9

Our memory for carrying out complex skills.
E.g. bike riding They are stored using motor code rather than verbal

Question 10

Semantic Memory

Answer 10

Memories for facts and general
knowledge.
e.g. Knowing the capital city of a country

Question 11

Long term

Answer 11

Mainly semantic
Capacity - Unlimited
Duration - Unlimited

Question 12

Recognition

Answer 12

Retrieving information whilst being
given options to choose from, for example multiple choice questions

Question 13

Free Recall

Answer 13

Retrieving information without any
cues or options

Question 14

Cued recall

Answer 14

Retrieving information whilst being given a cue to recall the information
such as ‘it begins with…’

Question 15

False Memories

Answer 15

Remembering something that has never happened

Question 16

Interference

Answer 16

Things that take place between learning and recall can affect the accuracy of memory

Question 17

Proactive Interference

Answer 17

when information we have already learnt hinders our ability to recall new info

Question 18

Retroactive Interference

Answer 18

when information we have recently learnt hinders our ability to recall info we have learnt previously

Question 19

effort after meaning

Answer 19

making sense of something unfamiliar after it has happened

Question 20

Murdock (1962) Serial position curve study
AIM

Answer 20

evidence to support separate stores of memory

Question 21

Murdock (1962) Serial position curve study
RESULTS

Answer 21

words at the end (recency effect) and start (primacy effect) were well remember but words in middle
were forgotten. Displayed on graph called serial position
curve.

Question 22

Murdock (1962) Serial position curve study
METHOD

Answer 22

participants had to remember lists of 20 words in any order asked to recall. Test repeated 80 times over a
few days.

Question 23

Murdock (1962) Serial position curve study
CONCLUSION

Answer 23

evidence there is both a short term and long term store. Last few words still in STS so available to recall,
first few words time to be rehearsed and pass into LTS so could be recalled. Middle words not in either store.

Question 24

Murdock (1962) Serial position curve study
EVALUATION

Answer 24

• Participants all same age and studying psychology (can’t generalise)
  + Other research similar findings supporting ideas (increases credibility)
• Criticised for being simplistic explanation
• Learning list of words isn’t usually how we use memories in everyday life so lacks ecological validity.

Question 25

The Multi-Store Model of Memory

Answer 25

Says that there is more than one
memory store.